https://whdc.ac/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Substance_Details_ADB-BUTINACA 2026-05-26T07:20:26Z Revision history for this page on the wiki MediaWiki 1.43.5 https://whdc.ac/index.php?title=Substance_Details_ADB-BUTINACA&diff=225256&oldid=prev 2026-05-24T09:51:10Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 09:51, 24 May 2026</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1">Line 1:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Morris water maze </del>test <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">was performed </del>to <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">evaluate the changes in learning </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">memory function. Only a few case reports about </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">dangers </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">some synthetic cannabinoids due to neurotoxicity have been published (Cohen et al</del>., <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2012; McGuinness et al.</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2012; Harris and Brown</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2013; Hermanns et al.</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2013). In addition</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the lack of information about neurotoxicity of synthetic cannabinoids could allow abusers consume those substances undiscerningly. However, slight structural changes might cause biochemical properties including dependence </del>liability and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">neurotoxicity</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The substances used </del>in the present study <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">both possess naphthoylindole moiety as </del>their <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">parental structure</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">(B) The ratio </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">damaged cells containing pyknotic or condensed nuclei and low hematoxilin affinity to total cells were calculated in nucleus accumben&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Only 3/20 urine samples were identified with </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">parent drug, 4F-MDMB</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">BINACA, highlighting the risk of analysing only parent ions and emphasizing the importance of metabolite identification in the forensic and clinical settin&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;These </del>synthetic cannabinoids act <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">directly </del>at cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">receptors as does Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Δ9-THC) found in marijuana, but have different chemical structures unrelated to Δ9-THC, different metabolism, and often greater toxicity (Fantegrossi </del>et al., <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2014</del>)<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">. Discriminative stimulus effects were tested in rats trained to discriminate Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (3 mg/kg</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">30-min pretreatment). </del>5F-MDMB-PINACA <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">(also known as 5F-ADB, 5F-ADB-PINACA)</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">MDMB-CHIMICA</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">MDMB-FUBINACA, ADB-FUBINACA, and AMB-FUBINACA </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">also known as FUB-AMB</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">MMB-FUBINACA) were tested for in vivo cannabinoid-like effects to assess their abuse liabilit</del>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">This might be due to </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">low activity of numerous metabolizing enzymes resulting in lower drug biotransformation </del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">HepG2 model detected the major ester hydrolysis metabolite </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">4F-MDMB-BINACA in abundance but </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">rest of </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">metabolites were found in a small amount</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Elegans </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">HLM models detected all of the </del>in<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">-vivo metabolites </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">100%</del>), <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">whilst HepG2 cells detected 7 out of </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">8 </del>in<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">-vivo metabolites </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">87</del>.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">5%)</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Hence, structural elucidation could not be confirmed unless a reference standard is made availabl</del>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;A 30-min period, beginning when maximal depression of locomotor activity first appeared as a function of dose, was used for analysis of dose-response data and calculation of ED50 values. During test sessions, both levers were active, such that ten consecutive responses on either lever led to <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[https://cannabinoidsrc4f</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">adb.com/ 5CLADBA] </del>reinforcement. The substitution tests occurred only if the rats had achieved 85% injection-appropriate responding on the two prior training sessions.&lt;br&gt;The locomotor activity assay was used to identify approximate time courses and dose ranges of psychoactive effects, which is useful for identifying parameters for drug discrimination experiments and are also predictive of the time course of the psychoactive effects in human users. The purpose of the present study was to assess the abuse liability of 5F-MDMB-PINACA, MDMB-CHIMICA, MDMB-FUBINACA, ADB-FUBINACA, and AMB-FUBINACA. Since there is currently no robust measure of the reinforcing/rewarding effects of cannabinoids, drug discrimination is currently the best model for assessing abuse liability of cannabinoids. The findings produce an apparent paradox, since CPP and self-administration predict with high reliability the likelihood that a compound will be abused by humans, and cannabinoids are well-known to produce active drug-seeking in human&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">This makes JWH</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">210 powder one </del>of the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">most powerful compounds in its class</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">often used in incense blends </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">research settings</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Our commitment to quality and customer satisfaction makes us the best place for jwh 210 buy</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">whether you need it for research</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">incense blends</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">or other legal applications</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">For qualified professionals</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">investing </del>in <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">high</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">quality, verified material ensures accuracy, safety, </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">regulatory compliance</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Prioritize vendors providing full analytical validation, transparent documentation, </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">compliance with international controls</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Value </del>is <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">best assessed through consistency</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">verifiable purity</del>, and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">regulatory compliance—not cost alon</del>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Although there were reports on </del>the metabolism of 4F-MDMB-BINACA <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">using </del>in-vivo <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and various </del>in-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">vitro models, studies were either conducted using small in-vivo sample size </del>such as <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">1 to 4 samples </del>[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">5</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">29</del>] <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">or in closed environments such as forensic psychiatric wards and prisons </del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The hepatic cell line HepG2 is often used as an initial screen as it is known </del>to <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">produce high reproducibility results with relatively stable enzyme concentration, although they are limited by </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">low</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">level expression of several metabolizing enzymes</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">including the cytochrome P450 </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">CYP</del>) <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">class of proteins [17, 18]. In-vitro metabolism studies are generally used to complement these data using perfused organs, tissue or cell cultures </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">microsomal preparations amongst which pooled human liver microsomes (</del>HLM<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">) have been frequently used to elucidate metabolism of SCBs [12,13,14,15,16]. Since most SCBs are found extensively in metabolized forms in urine</del>, the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">identification of metabolites is of vital importance for forensic and clinical toxicologists. Identifying SCB intake and its correlating specific adverse effects require rapid elucidation </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">these SCBs. The proliferation of SCBs has become a global challenge as new compounds are rapidly introduced into the illegal drug market to evade existing drug laws.&lt;br&gt;Fig.</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The current study indicates that the </ins>test <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">compounds produce locomotor depression similar </ins>to <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">that of Δ9-THC, </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">fully substitute for </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">discriminative stimulus effects </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Δ9-THC</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">In summary</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">these 5F-MDMB-PINACA</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">MDMB-CHIMICA</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">MDMB-FUBINACA</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ADB-FUBINACA</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and AMB-FUBINACA have similar abuse </ins>liability <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">as Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">should be controlled in a similar fashion</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Much of the </ins>in <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">vivo Jwh-210 powder testing of the synthetic cannabinoid compounds have been pre-clinical studies focused on their cannabinoid-like effects or like </ins>the present study<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, focused on </ins>their <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">abuse liability</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">There is indication that at least some </ins>of the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">first</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">generation </ins>synthetic cannabinoids act at <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">receptors other than </ins>cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 (<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Wiley </ins>et al., <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2016</ins>), <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and a compound from the present study, </ins>5F-MDMB-PINACA, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">was found to activate midbrain dopamine neurons</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">but not serotonin neurons </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Asaoka et al.</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2016</ins>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">After </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">incubation, mixture was centrifuged (18,000 x g, 20 °C) for 5 min and 0</ins>.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">5 μL </ins>of the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">supernatant was directly injected to </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">chromatographic system</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">In the next step, ammonium formate as salting agent was added to the mixture </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">incubated </ins>in <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">a thermomixer </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">20 °C, 1200 rpm</ins>) <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">for 15 min. After vortex-mixing</ins>, the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">mixture was allowed to stand Jwh-210 powder at room temperature for 5 min. MS/MS experiments were performed </ins>in <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">MRM </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">multiple reaction monitoring) mode with an isolation window of 0</ins>.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">4 m/z</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The MS measurement was performed in positive ion mode (except for some acidic compounds such as barbiturates</ins>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;A 30-min period, beginning when maximal depression of locomotor activity first appeared as a function of dose, was used for analysis of dose-response data and calculation of ED50 values. During test sessions, both levers were active, such that ten consecutive responses on either lever led to <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Jwh</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">210 powder </ins>reinforcement. The substitution tests occurred only if the rats had achieved 85% injection-appropriate responding on the two prior training sessions.&lt;br&gt;The locomotor activity assay was used to identify approximate time courses and dose ranges of psychoactive effects, which is useful for identifying parameters for drug discrimination experiments and are also predictive of the time course of the psychoactive effects in human users. The purpose of the present study was to assess the abuse liability of 5F-MDMB-PINACA, MDMB-CHIMICA, MDMB-FUBINACA, ADB-FUBINACA, and AMB-FUBINACA. Since there is currently no robust measure of the reinforcing/rewarding effects of cannabinoids, drug discrimination is currently the best model for assessing abuse liability of cannabinoids. The findings produce an apparent paradox, since CPP and self-administration predict with high reliability the likelihood that a compound will be abused by humans, and cannabinoids are well-known to produce active drug-seeking in human&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">High resolution mass spectrometry such as LC-QTOF-MS allows the detection and identification of a broad spectrum of recreational drugs, including new psychoactive substances. A point-of</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">care drugs of abuse (DOA) test was initially performed on the urine </ins>of the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">patient. He confirmed drinking 750 ml energy drink without any further consumption of food and using an e-cigarette from Gaziantep</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Turkey 10 seconds before the onset of his first symptoms. He usually smokes a pack of cigarettes a day </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">sometimes smokes e-cigarettes</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Combined with non</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">specific</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">transient symptoms</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">clinical recognition of SCRA intoxication is challenging </ins>.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">&lt;br&gt;Data availability &lt;br&gt;The intensity is plotted against the retention time for both chromatograms</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">demonstrating the [https://cannabinoidsrc4f-adb.com/ Jwh-210 powder] presence and elution profiles of nicotine and ADB-BUTINACA </ins>in <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the analysed vape liquid sample. LC-QTOF</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">MS Chromatograms of Nicotine (Top) </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ADB-BUTINACA (Bottom) in the Vape Liquid used by the patient</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The LC-QTOF-MS analysis showed that the e-liquid contained nicotine </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ADB-BUTINACA (Fig. 1)</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Because the point-of-care DOA test </ins>is <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">generally not able to detect synthetic recreational drug substances</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the liquid of the e-cigarette was thereafter screened using liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) on the Waters™ Xevo G3 QTOF MS system. After eating a light meal and drinking caffeinated sports drinks at the ER</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the nausea complaints of the patient were reduced </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the patient was discharged hom</ins>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The % peak area abundance ratio of metabolites detected in the urine samples are often affected by numerous factors such as drug intake behaviour (intake route, amount of drug and intake frequency), time from last drug intake and metabolic stability. This indicated that </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">phase I </ins>metabolism of 4F-MDMB-BINACA <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">are unlikely to be affected significantly by polydrug intake. Oxidative defluorination with subsequent butanoic acid formation (B17) metabolite, the second major metabolite after monohydroxylation in the C. Ester hydrolysis with dehydrogenation formed </ins>in-vivo in <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">this study was also reported among other indazole carboxamide type SCBs with tert</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">leucine methyl ester moieties </ins>such as <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">5F-MDMB-PINACA and MDMB-4en-PINACA </ins>[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">39</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">40</ins>]. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Similar </ins>to the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">in</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">vivo findings</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">4F-MDMB-BINACA ester hydrolysis </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">B22</ins>) <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">was the major metabolite for both HepG2 </ins>and HLM <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">models</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">consistent with </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">known hydrolytic activity </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">CES reported</ins></div></td></tr> </table>

DamonAngas210 https://whdc.ac/index.php?title=Substance_Details_ADB-BUTINACA&diff=225240&oldid=prev 2026-05-24T09:49:27Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 09:49, 24 May 2026</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1">Line 1:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The % peak area abundance ratio of metabolites detected in the urine samples are often affected by numerous factors such as drug intake behaviour (intake route, amount of drug and intake frequency), time from last drug intake and metabolic stabilit&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Demographic and clinical features are recorded and blood and/or urine samples analysed using high-resolution accurate mass liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. Second, we could not [https://cannabinoidsrc4f-adb.com/ adb butinaca] retrieve further detailed information about the e-cigarette that was used by the patient such as the label or the region of origin. Whether a recreational drug can be administered via vaping, depends on whether the drug becomes volatile under the evaporation temperature of the e-cigarette. Of these samples, 22 contained one or more SCRAs, THC was only detected in 11 samples, only one contained cannabidiol and 6 contained a mixture of THC and cannabidiol. There is difficulty in finding the right information about the NPS, defining their potency and confirmation of their existence in e-liquids or urine samples.&lt;br&gt;Data availabili&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;This might be due to the low activity of numerous metabolizing enzymes resulting in lower drug biotransformation . HepG2 model detected the major ester hydrolysis metabolite of 4F-MDMB-BINACA in abundance but the rest of the metabolites were found in a small amount. Elegans and HLM models detected all of the in-vivo metabolites (100%), whilst HepG2 cells detected 7 out of the 8 in-vivo metabolites (87.5%). Hence, structural elucidation could not be confirmed unless a reference standard is made availabl&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;</del>Morris water maze test was performed to evaluate the changes in learning and memory function. Only a few case reports about the dangers of some synthetic cannabinoids due to neurotoxicity have been published (Cohen et al., 2012; McGuinness et al., 2012; Harris and Brown, 2013; Hermanns et al., 2013). In addition, the lack of information about neurotoxicity of synthetic cannabinoids could allow abusers consume those substances undiscerningly. However, slight structural changes might cause biochemical properties including dependence liability and neurotoxicity. The substances used in the present study both possess naphthoylindole moiety as their parental structure. (B) The ratio of damaged cells containing pyknotic or condensed nuclei and low hematoxilin affinity to total cells were calculated in nucleus accumben&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">There is indication that at least some </del>of the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">first-generation </del>synthetic cannabinoids act at <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">receptors other than </del>cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 (<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Wiley </del>et al., <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2016</del>), <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and a compound from the present study</del>, 5F-MDMB-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">PINACA</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">was </del>found <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">to activate midbrain dopamine neurons</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">but not serotonin neurons </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Asaoka et al</del>., <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2016</del>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">4</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Drugs </del>&lt;br&gt;The purpose of the present study was to assess the abuse liability of 5F-MDMB-PINACA, MDMB-CHIMICA, MDMB-FUBINACA, ADB-FUBINACA, and AMB-FUBINACA. The findings produce an apparent paradox, since CPP and self-administration predict with high reliability the likelihood that a compound will be abused by humans, and cannabinoids are well-known to produce active drug-seeking in <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">humans. Drug discrimination is a well</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">known animal model </del>of the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">subjective effects of drugs </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">correlates well with abuse liability (Young 2009; Horton et al</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2013)</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Assessment of abuse liability is based on several factors</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">including chemical structure</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">pharmacological mechanism of action</del>, and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">finally</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">subjective </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">reinforcing behavioral effects (FDA</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2010; Swedberg</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2013).</del>&lt;br&gt;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Michael B Gat</del>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">&lt;br&gt;All </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the compounds tested </del>in <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the present study depressed locomotor activity </del>as <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">is typical for other synthetic cannabinoids (see review by Wiley et al.</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2017). Average horizontal activity counts/10 min </del>as <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">a function of time (10 min bins) </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">dose</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Depressant effects of 1.33 mg/kg were observed within 10 min following administration and peak depressant effects were adb butinaca observed between 0–30 min. Duration of the locomotor depression increased over dose from 30 min following 0.1 mg/kg </del>to <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2.5 h following 1 mg/k&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Despite all negative </del>results <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">in </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">point</del>-of<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">-care test for recreational drugs</del>, the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">LC-QTOF-MS</del>) <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">analysis showed that the liquid </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the e</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cigarette contained ADB-BUTINACA</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">a synthetic cannabinoi&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Test 2 was performed everyday for 5 days after consecutive administration of the substances, including negative (vehicle) </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">positive </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">methamphetamine</del>) <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">controls</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">After the last administration</del>, the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">first trial was performed</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Morris water maze test was performed to evaluate the changes of learning </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">memory function through administration </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the test substances</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Generally, neurotoxicity </del>of a <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">substance is evaluated by animal behavioral aspects, i.e. functional observation battery (FOB) tests (O’Callaghan et al., 2014). Our results suggest that JWH-081 and JWH-210 may adb butinaca be neurotoxic substances through changing neuronal cell damages, especially in </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">core shell part of nucleus accumbens</del>.&lt;br&gt;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">About Powder JWH-2</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>Morris water maze test was performed to evaluate the changes in learning and memory function. Only a few case reports about the dangers of some synthetic cannabinoids due to neurotoxicity have been published (Cohen et al., 2012; McGuinness et al., 2012; Harris and Brown, 2013; Hermanns et al., 2013). In addition, the lack of information about neurotoxicity of synthetic cannabinoids could allow abusers consume those substances undiscerningly. However, slight structural changes might cause biochemical properties including dependence liability and neurotoxicity. The substances used in the present study both possess naphthoylindole moiety as their parental structure. (B) The ratio of damaged cells containing pyknotic or condensed nuclei and low hematoxilin affinity to total cells were calculated in nucleus accumben&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Only 3/20 urine samples were identified with the parent drug, 4F-MDMB-BINACA, highlighting the risk of analysing only parent ions and emphasizing the importance </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">metabolite identification in </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">forensic and clinical settin&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;These </ins>synthetic cannabinoids act <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">directly </ins>at cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">receptors as does Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Δ9-THC) found in marijuana, but have different chemical structures unrelated to Δ9-THC, different metabolism, and often greater toxicity (Fantegrossi </ins>et al., <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2014</ins>)<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">. Discriminative stimulus effects were tested in rats trained to discriminate Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (3 mg/kg</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">30-min pretreatment). 5F-MDMB-PINACA (also known as 5F-ADB</ins>, 5F-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ADB-PINACA), MDMB-CHIMICA, </ins>MDMB-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">FUBINACA, ADB-FUBINACA, and AMB-FUBINACA (also known as FUB-AMB</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">MMB-FUBINACA) were tested for in vivo cannabinoid-like effects to assess their abuse liabilit&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;This might be due to the low activity of numerous metabolizing enzymes resulting in lower drug biotransformation . HepG2 model detected the major ester hydrolysis metabolite of 4F-MDMB-BINACA in abundance but the rest of the metabolites were </ins>found <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">in a small amount. Elegans and HLM models detected all of the in-vivo metabolites (100%)</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">whilst HepG2 cells detected 7 out of the 8 in-vivo metabolites </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">87.5%)</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Hence</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">structural elucidation could not be confirmed unless a reference standard is made availabl&lt;br&gt;</ins>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">A 30-min period, beginning when maximal depression of locomotor activity first appeared as a function of dose, was used for analysis of dose-response data and calculation of ED50 values. During test sessions, both levers were active, such that ten consecutive responses on either lever led to [https://cannabinoidsrc4f-adb.com/ 5CLADBA] reinforcement. The substitution tests occurred only if the rats had achieved 85% injection-appropriate responding on the two prior training sessions</ins>.&lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The locomotor activity assay was used to identify approximate time courses and dose ranges of psychoactive effects, which is useful for identifying parameters for drug discrimination experiments and are also predictive of the time course of the psychoactive effects in human users. </ins>The purpose of the present study was to assess the abuse liability of 5F-MDMB-PINACA, MDMB-CHIMICA, MDMB-FUBINACA, ADB-FUBINACA, and AMB-FUBINACA<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">. Since there is currently no robust measure of the reinforcing/rewarding effects of cannabinoids, drug discrimination is currently the best model for assessing abuse liability of cannabinoids</ins>. The findings produce an apparent paradox, since CPP and self-administration predict with high reliability the likelihood that a compound will be abused by humans, and cannabinoids are well-known to produce active drug-seeking in <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">human&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;This makes JWH</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">210 powder one </ins>of the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">most powerful compounds in its class, often used in incense blends </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">research settings</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Our commitment to quality and customer satisfaction makes us the best place for jwh 210 buy-whether you need it for research, incense blends, or other legal applications</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">For qualified professionals, investing in high-quality</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">verified material ensures accuracy</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">safety</ins>, and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">regulatory compliance. Prioritize vendors providing full analytical validation, transparent documentation</ins>, and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">compliance with international controls. Value is best assessed through consistency</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">verifiable purity</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and regulatory compliance—not cost alon</ins>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Although there were reports on the metabolism </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">4F-MDMB-BINACA using in-vivo and various in-vitro models, studies were either conducted using small </ins>in<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">-vivo sample size such </ins>as <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">1 to 4 samples [5</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">29] or in closed environments such </ins>as <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">forensic psychiatric wards </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">prisons </ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The hepatic cell line HepG2 is often used as an initial screen as it is known </ins>to <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">produce high reproducibility </ins>results <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">with relatively stable enzyme concentration, although they are limited by </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">low</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">level expression </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">several metabolizing enzymes</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">including </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cytochrome P450 </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">CYP</ins>) <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">class </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">proteins [17, 18]. In</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">vitro metabolism studies are generally used to complement these data using perfused organs</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">tissue or cell cultures </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">microsomal preparations amongst which pooled human liver microsomes </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">HLM</ins>) <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">have been frequently used to elucidate metabolism of SCBs [12,13,14,15,16]</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Since most SCBs are found extensively in metabolized forms in urine</ins>, the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">identification of metabolites is of vital importance for forensic and clinical toxicologists</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Identifying SCB intake </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">its correlating specific adverse effects require rapid elucidation </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">these SCBs</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The proliferation </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">SCBs has become </ins>a <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">global challenge as new compounds are rapidly introduced into </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">illegal drug market to evade existing drug laws</ins>.&lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Fig.</ins></div></td></tr> </table>

DamonAngas210 https://whdc.ac/index.php?title=Substance_Details_ADB-BUTINACA&diff=225214&oldid=prev 2026-05-24T09:46:57Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 09:46, 24 May 2026</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1">Line 1:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">These synthetic cannabinoids act directly at cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors </del>as <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">does Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Δ9-THC</del>) <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">found in marijuana</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">but </del>have <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">different chemical structures unrelated </del>to <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Δ9-THC, different metabolism, and often greater toxicity (Fantegrossi et al</del>., <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2014). Discriminative stimulus effects were tested in rats trained to discriminate Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (3 mg</del>/<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">kg, 30</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">min pretreatment)</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">5F</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">MDMB-PINACA (also known </del>as <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">5F-ADB</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">5F</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ADB-PINACA)</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">MDMB-CHIMICA</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">MDMB-FUBINACA</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ADB-FUBINACA</del>, and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">AMB-FUBINACA (also known as FUB-AMB, MMB-FUBINACA) were tested for </del>in <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">vivo cannabinoid</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">like effects to assess their abuse liabilit</del>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Only 3/20 urine samples were identified with </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">parent </del>drug<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, </del>4F-MDMB-BINACA<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, highlighting </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">risk </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">analysing only parent ions </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">emphasizing </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">importance </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">metabolite identification </del>in <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the forensic and clinical settin</del>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">As </del>synthetic <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRA) are gaining popularity globally, clinicians </del>have <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">to understand that intoxication caused by vaping SCRA is not detected by commonly available tests. He confirmed that he had </del>been <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">vaping an electronic cigarette </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">e-cigarette) earlier that day just before the onset of his symptoms</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Metabolic acidosis (1/3</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">0/7) </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">respiratory acidosis (1/3</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">0/7</del>), <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">All 10 patients recovered with supportive care</del>, including <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">intubation </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ventilation for one case</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">In 3 cases ADB-BUTINACA was </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">only substance detected, while in seven other substances </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">misuse </del>were <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">also detected including other SCRA, opioids, benzodiazepines cocaine and pregabali</del>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">&lt;br&gt;Buy Jwh</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">210 </del>at <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">USA K2 INCENSE STORE </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">enjoy premium quality</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">flexible quantities</del>, and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">fast</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">secure shipping. 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The legal status of jwh-210 varies by country and region.</del>&lt;br&gt; <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Key Features and Specifications to Evaluate </del>&lt;br&gt;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">In case </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cannabis or Δ9</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">tetrahydrocannabinol</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">there are many [https://cannabinoidsrc4f</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">adb.com/ JWH</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">210 powder] previous studies regarding with their dependence potential </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">neurotoxicity (Cororan, et al</del>., <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">1974; Harris</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">et al</del>.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, 1974; Leite </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Culini, 1974</del>; <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Hutcheson, </del>et al.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, 1998</del>). <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">After administering test substances once every other day for 10 days</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">brain samples </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">mice were collected</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">especially at nucleus accumbens </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">hippocampus regions. Drug was administered 5 times every other day</del>, and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the first trial was performed 2 h after the last administration</del>.&lt;br&gt; <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">How to Choose Powder JWH-210 </del>&lt;br&gt;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">When learning how to choose powder JWH-210, </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">most critical factor </del>is <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">verifying high chemical purity </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">≥98%</del>) <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">from </del>a <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">reputable supplier with independent lab testing</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">We also demonstrated that JWH-210 administration resulted in the decrease </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">expression levels of T-cell activator including Cd3e, Cd3g, Cd74p31, and Cd74p41, while JWH-030 increased Cd3g levels</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">JWH-210 (10 </del>mg/kg<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, 3 days, i</del>.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">p.) is more likely to have cytotoxicity and reduce lymphoid organ weight than JWH-030 </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ICR mice in vivo. Users are expected to handle </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">compound in accordance with all applicable regulations and safety guidelines within their jurisdiction</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">It is important </del>to <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">note that JWH-210 Chemical Powder is intended strictly for research and laboratory use only</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Its reputation for purity and stability has contributed to its widespread use in controlled environments where precision is paramoun</del>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">&lt;br&gt;Inclusion </del>in <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">an NLM database does not imply endorsement of, or agreement with, </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">contents by NLM or the National Institutes </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Health. It is illegal to sell, distribute, supply</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">transport or trade </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">pharmaceutical drug under the Psychoactive Substances Act 2016. The corresponding indole core analogue, 4F</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">MDMB</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">BICA </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">4F</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">MDMB</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">BUTICA</del>)<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, has also been widely sold as a designer drug by chemical providers on </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">internet, first being identified in May 2020. It has been used as an active ingredient in synthetic cannabis products and sold as a designer drug since late 2018. 4F</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">MDMB-BINACA (also known as MDMB-4F-BINACA using systematic EMCDDA nomenclature or 4F-MDMB</del>-BUTINACA<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">) is an indazole-based </del>synthetic <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cannabinoid from the indazole-3-carboxamide famil</del>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">LC separates the urine or blood sample and QTOF-MS provides high-resolution and accurate mass measurements </del>for <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">precise identification and structural elucidation </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">compounds. The LC-QTOF-MS method offers a more comprehensive and sensitive approach for drug detection, covering hundreds of recreational drugs</del>, including <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">NPS</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Besides increasing </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">temperature </del>to <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">enlarge </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">drug aerolisation </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">bioavailability</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">one can elevate the flow rate </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">air through the e-cigarette and/or add </del>a <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">diluent </del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Of all </del>e<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">-cigarette users registered at this forum, 7</del>.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">8 % vaped SCRAs </del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">About 15 % of individuals registered at forums for drug users such as erowid</del>.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">org who vaped cannabis have also vaped SRCAs. SCRAs belong</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">together with synthetic opioids, cathinones, amphetamines and hallucinogens to </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">new psychoactive substances (NPS) that are currently developed at high speed</del>.&lt;br&gt; <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Data availabili</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The % peak area abundance ratio of metabolites detected in the urine samples are often affected by numerous factors such </ins>as <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">drug intake behaviour </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">intake route, amount of drug and intake frequency</ins>), <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">time from last drug intake and metabolic stabilit&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Demographic and clinical features are recorded and blood and/or urine samples analysed using high-resolution accurate mass liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could </ins>have <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">appeared </ins>to <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">influence the work reported in this paper</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Second</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">we could not [https:/</ins>/<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cannabinoidsrc4f</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">adb</ins>.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">com/ adb butinaca] retrieve further detailed information about the e</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cigarette that was used by the patient such </ins>as <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the label or the region of origin. Whether a recreational drug can be administered via vaping</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">depends on whether the drug becomes volatile under the evaporation temperature of the e</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cigarette. Of these samples</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">22 contained one or more SCRAs</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">THC was only detected in 11 samples</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">only one contained cannabidiol and 6 contained a mixture of THC and cannabidiol. There is difficulty in finding the right information about the NPS</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">defining their potency </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">confirmation of their existence </ins>in <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">e</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">liquids or urine samples.&lt;br&gt;Data availabili&lt;br&gt;</ins>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">This might be due to </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">low activity of numerous metabolizing enzymes resulting in lower </ins>drug <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">biotransformation . HepG2 model detected the major ester hydrolysis metabolite of </ins>4F-MDMB-BINACA <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">in abundance but </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">rest </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the metabolites were found in a small amount. Elegans </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">HLM models detected all of </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">in-vivo metabolites (100%), whilst HepG2 cells detected 7 out </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the 8 </ins>in<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">-vivo metabolites (87.5%). Hence, structural elucidation could not be confirmed unless a reference standard is made availabl</ins>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Morris water maze test was performed to evaluate the changes in learning and memory function. Only a few case reports about the dangers of some </ins>synthetic <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cannabinoids due to neurotoxicity </ins>have been <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">published </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Cohen et al., 2012; McGuinness et al</ins>., <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2012; Harris </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Brown, 2013; Hermanns et al.</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2013</ins>)<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">. In addition</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the lack of information about neurotoxicity of synthetic cannabinoids could allow abusers consume those substances undiscerningly. However</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">slight structural changes might cause biochemical properties </ins>including <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">dependence liability </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">neurotoxicity</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The substances used in </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">present study both possess naphthoylindole moiety as their parental structure. (B) The ratio </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">damaged cells containing pyknotic or condensed nuclei and low hematoxilin affinity to total cells </ins>were <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">calculated in nucleus accumben</ins>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">There is indication that at least some of the first</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">generation synthetic cannabinoids act </ins>at <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">receptors other than cannabinoid CB1 </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">CB2 (Wiley et al.</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2016)</ins>, and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">a compound from the present study</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">5F</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">MDMB</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">PINACA</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">was found to activate midbrain dopamine neurons</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">but not serotonin neurons (Asaoka et al</ins>., <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2016&lt;br&gt;</ins>&lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">4. Drugs </ins>&lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The purpose of the present study was to assess the abuse liability </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">5F-MDMB-PINACA, MDMB</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">CHIMICA</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">MDMB</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">FUBINACA, ADB</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">FUBINACA, </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">AMB-FUBINACA</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The findings produce an apparent paradox</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">since CPP and self-administration predict with high reliability the likelihood that a compound will be abused by humans</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and cannabinoids are well-known to produce active drug-seeking in humans</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Drug discrimination is a well-known animal model of the subjective effects of drugs </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">correlates well with abuse liability (Young 2009</ins>; <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Horton </ins>et al. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2013</ins>). <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Assessment of abuse liability is based on several factors, including chemical structure</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">pharmacological mechanism </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">action</ins>, and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">finally</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">subjective </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">reinforcing behavioral effects (FDA, 2010; Swedberg, 2013)</ins>.&lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Michael B Gat&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;</ins>&lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">All of the compounds tested in </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">present study depressed locomotor activity as </ins>is <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">typical for other synthetic cannabinoids </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">see review by Wiley et al., 2017</ins>)<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">. Average horizontal activity counts/10 min as </ins>a <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">function of time (10 min bins) and dose</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Depressant effects </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">1</ins>.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">33 </ins>mg/kg <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">were observed within 10 min following administration and peak depressant effects were adb butinaca observed between 0–30 min</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Duration </ins>of the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">locomotor depression increased over dose from 30 min following 0</ins>.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">1 mg/kg </ins>to <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2</ins>.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">5 h following 1 mg/k</ins>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Despite all negative results </ins>in the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">point-</ins>of<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">-care test for recreational drugs</ins>, the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">liquid chromatography-quadrupole time</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">of</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">flight mass spectrometry </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">LC</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">QTOF</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">MS</ins>) <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">analysis showed that the liquid of </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">e</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cigarette contained ADB</ins>-BUTINACA<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, a </ins>synthetic <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cannabinoi</ins>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Test 2 was performed everyday </ins>for <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">5 days after consecutive administration </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the substances</ins>, including <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">negative (vehicle) and positive (methamphetamine) controls</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">After the last administration, </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">first trial was performed. Morris water maze test was performed </ins>to <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">evaluate </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">changes of learning </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">memory function through administration of the test substances. Generally</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">neurotoxicity </ins>of a <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">substance is evaluated by animal behavioral aspects, i</ins>.e. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">functional observation battery (FOB) tests (O’Callaghan et al</ins>.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, 2014)</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Our results suggest that JWH-081 and JWH-210 may adb butinaca be neurotoxic substances through changing neuronal cell damages</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">especially in </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">core shell part of nucleus accumbens</ins>.&lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">About Powder JWH-2</ins></div></td></tr> </table>

DamonAngas210 https://whdc.ac/index.php?title=Substance_Details_ADB-BUTINACA&diff=225115&oldid=prev 2026-05-24T09:35:54Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 09:35, 24 May 2026</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1">Line 1:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Synthetic </del>cannabinoids <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">have consistently been shown to produce discriminative stimulus effects similar to those 5CLADBA of </del>Δ9-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">THC </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Bannister and Connor, 2018), and MDMB-FUBINACA fully substituted for </del>Δ9-THC <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">(Gamage et al.</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2018). The </del>chemical structures <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">of the recent synthetic cannabinoids are unlike that of </del>Δ9-THC, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">but are largely based on the structure of older synthetic cannabinoids that are known to have substantial abuse liability </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Fig</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">1</del>). <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">All 5 compounds decreased locomotor activity and produced discriminative </del>stimulus effects <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">similar </del>to <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">those of </del>Δ9-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">THC</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">which suggests they may have abuse liability similar to that of Δ9</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">THC</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Subsequent testing identified </del>5F-ADB <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">to have been present in a total of ten people who had died from unexplained drug overdoses in Japan between September 2014 </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">December 2014. </del>AMB-FUBINACA <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">produced tremors and may be of increased risk </del>in <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">human recreational users.</del>&lt;br&gt;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Michael B Gatch </del>&lt;br&gt;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">These findings are in agreement </del>with <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">earlier studies showing the synthetic cannabinoids substitute for the discriminative stimulus effects of Δ9-THC (see review by Wiley et al., 2017). Pretreatment times and dose ranges for </del>the drug <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">discrimination assay were selected based on the time of peak depression in the locomotor activity assay in mice. As mentioned previously</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">short</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">onset compounds have a greater abuse liability; further, compounds that have fewer adverse effects while they are active are likely to be preferred. All five of the compounds in the present study fully substituted with a pretreatment time of 15 min</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">suggesting a rapid onset of </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">discriminative stimulus effects. All </del>of the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cathinones fully substituted for the discriminative stimulus effects </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (≥80% drug-appropriate responding). Because response suppression may compromise stimulus control, rats failing to complete at least ten responses during </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">test session were excluded from the analysis of the discriminative stimulus effects of that dose of test compoun</del>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Fig. 2. </del>&lt;br&gt;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Separation of compounds was performed on a 2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 5CLADBA μm particle size ACQUITY Torus™ DIOL analytical column </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Waters</del>) <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">with guard cartridge</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Measurements were performed by </del>an <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ACQUITY UPC2 supercritical fluid chromatography system </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Waters) coupled with a Xevo TQ</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">S Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer (Waters</del>)<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">. During </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">death scene examination, multiple cigarette butts without filters were found in an ashtray; also found were alcohol bottles, an unopened box </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">nebivolol-containing drug, and 18 g of unrecognizable herbal residue in a cigarette box</del>.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">&lt;br&gt;Data concerning the combined effects of SCRAs and other substances are highly limited</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">which renders forensic evaluation of possible overdose cases difficult . The threshold SCRA concentration for fatal overdose can be estimated ng</del>/<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">mL level </del>(0<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">.37–4.1 ng</del>/<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">mL according to the reported cases</del>) <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">in </del>cases in <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">which 1.5–2.5 g/L </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ethanol is present in the blood. The victims </del>were <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">brothers who were both found deceased after consuming 4F-MDMB-BINACA and ethanol. These confusing shorter names were not scientifically adopted but were used by websites selling the drugs to the public. Monitoring metabolism of synthetic cannabinoid 4F-MDMB-BINACA via high-resolution mass spectrometry assessed in cultured hepatoma cell line</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">fungus</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">liver microsomes </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">confirmed using urine samples. This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the author</del>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">This makes JWH</del>-210 <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">powder one of the most powerful compounds in its class</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">often used in incense blends </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">research settings</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Our commitment to quality </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">customer satisfaction makes us the best place for jwh 210 buy</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">whether you need it </del>for <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">research, </del>incense <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">blends, or other legal applications</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">For qualified professionals, investing </del>in <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">high</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">quality</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">verified material ensures accuracy</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">safety</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and regulatory compliance. Prioritize vendors providing full analytical validation</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">transparent documentation</del>, and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">compliance with international controls</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Value </del>is <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">best assessed through consistency</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">verifiable purity</del>, and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">regulatory compliance—not cost alon</del>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Tremors were not observed following AMB</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">FUBINACA during the drug discrimination study</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">but the maximum dose tested was only 0</del>.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">1 mg</del>/<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">kg</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">which is </del>10<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">-fold lower than </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">dose that produced tremors in </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">mic</del>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">&lt;br&gt;After </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">incubation, mixture was centrifuged </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">18,000 x g, 20 °C</del>) <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">for 5 min and 0</del>.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">5 μL </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the supernatant was directly injected to the chromatographic system. In the next step</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ammonium formate as salting agent was added to the mixture </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">incubated in a thermomixer (20 °C</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">1200 rpm) for 15 min</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">After vortex</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">mixing</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the mixture was allowed </del>to <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">stand [https://cannabinoidsrc4f</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">adb</del>.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">com/ 5CLADBA] at room temperature for 5 min. MS/MS experiments were performed </del>in <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">MRM (multiple reaction monitoring) mode </del>with <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">an isolation window of 0</del>.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">4 m/z</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The MS measurement was performed </del>in <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">positive ion mode (except for some acidic compounds such as barbiturates</del>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Inclusion in an NLM database does not imply endorsement of, or agreement with, the contents by NLM or the National Institutes of Health. It is illegal to sell, distribute, supply, transport or trade the pharmaceutical drug under the Psychoactive Substances Act 2016. The corresponding indole core analogue, 4F-MDMB-BICA (4F-MDMB-BUTICA), has also been widely sold as a designer drug by chemical providers on the internet, first being identified in May 2020. It has been used as an active ingredient in synthetic cannabis products and sold as a designer drug since late 2018. 4F-MDMB-BINACA (also known as MDMB-4F-BINACA using systematic EMCDDA nomenclature or 4F-MDMB-BUTINACA) is an indazole-based synthetic cannabinoid from the indazole-3-carboxamide famil</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">These synthetic </ins>cannabinoids <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">act directly at cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors as does </ins>Δ9-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">tetrahydrocannabinol </ins>(Δ9-THC<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">) found in marijuana</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">but have different </ins>chemical structures <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">unrelated to </ins>Δ9-THC, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">different metabolism, and often greater toxicity </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Fantegrossi et al</ins>.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, 2014</ins>). <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Discriminative </ins>stimulus effects <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">were tested in rats trained </ins>to <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">discriminate </ins>Δ9-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">tetrahydrocannabinol (3 mg/kg</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">30</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">min pretreatment)</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">5F-MDMB-PINACA (also known as 5F-ADB, </ins>5F-ADB<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">-PINACA), MDMB-CHIMICA, MDMB-FUBINACA, ADB-FUBINACA, </ins>and AMB-FUBINACA <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">(also known as FUB-AMB, MMB-FUBINACA) were tested for </ins>in <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">vivo cannabinoid-like effects to assess their abuse liabilit</ins>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Only 3/20 urine samples were identified </ins>with the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">parent </ins>drug, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">4F</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">MDMB-BINACA</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">highlighting </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">risk </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">analysing only parent ions and emphasizing </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">importance </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">metabolite identification in </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">forensic and clinical settin</ins>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">As synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">SCRA</ins>) <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">are gaining popularity globally, clinicians have to understand that intoxication caused by vaping SCRA is not detected by commonly available tests</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">He confirmed that he had been vaping </ins>an <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">electronic cigarette </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">e</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cigarette</ins>) <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">earlier that day just before </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">onset </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">his symptoms</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Metabolic acidosis (1/3</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">0</ins>/<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">7) and respiratory acidosis </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">1/3, </ins>0/<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">7</ins>)<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, All 10 patients recovered with supportive care, including intubation and ventilation for one case. In 3 </ins>cases <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ADB-BUTINACA was the only substance detected, while </ins>in <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">seven other substances </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">misuse </ins>were <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">also detected including other SCRA</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">opioids</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">benzodiazepines cocaine </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">pregabali</ins>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Buy Jwh</ins>-210 <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">at USA K2 INCENSE STORE and enjoy premium quality, flexible quantities</ins>, and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">fast, secure shipping</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Fast shipping </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">pure product</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">highly recommended </ins>for <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">anyone needing quality </ins>incense <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ingredients</ins>.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">" 🌟🌟🌟🌟🌟 You can buy jwh-210 online </ins>in <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">quantities of JWH</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">210 powder 10g</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">30g</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">50g</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">100g</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">150g</ins>, and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">200g at USA K2 INCENSE STORE for premium quality and discreet shipping</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">In some areas, it </ins>is <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">classified as a controlled substance</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">while in others</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">it may be legal for research or incense use. The legal status of jwh-210 varies by country </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">region.</ins>&lt;br&gt; <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Key Features and Specifications to Evaluate </ins>&lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">In case of cannabis or Δ9</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">tetrahydrocannabinol</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">there are many [https://cannabinoidsrc4f-adb</ins>.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">com</ins>/ <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">JWH-210 powder] previous studies regarding with their dependence potential and neurotoxicity (Cororan, et al., 1974; Harris, et al., 1974; Leite and Culini, 1974; Hutcheson, et al.</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">1998). After administering test substances once every other day for </ins>10 <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">days, brain samples of mice were collected, especially at nucleus accumbens and hippocampus regions. Drug was administered 5 times every other day, and </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">first trial was performed 2 h after </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">last administration.</ins>&lt;br&gt; <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">How to Choose Powder JWH-210 </ins>&lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">When learning how to choose powder JWH-210, </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">most critical factor is verifying high chemical purity </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">≥98%</ins>) <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">from a reputable supplier with independent lab testing</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">We also demonstrated that JWH-210 administration resulted in the decrease of expression levels </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">T-cell activator including Cd3e, Cd3g, Cd74p31</ins>, and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Cd74p41</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">while JWH-030 increased Cd3g levels</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">JWH</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">210 (10 mg/kg</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">3 days, i.p.) is more likely </ins>to <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">have cytotoxicity and reduce lymphoid organ weight than JWH</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">030 of ICR mice in vivo</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Users are expected to handle the compound </ins>in <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">accordance </ins>with <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">all applicable regulations and safety guidelines within their jurisdiction</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">It is important to note that JWH-210 Chemical Powder is intended strictly for research and laboratory use only</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Its reputation for purity and stability has contributed to its widespread use </ins>in <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">controlled environments where precision is paramoun</ins>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Inclusion in an NLM database does not imply endorsement of, or agreement with, the contents by NLM or the National Institutes of Health. It is illegal to sell, distribute, supply, transport or trade the pharmaceutical drug under the Psychoactive Substances Act 2016. The corresponding indole core analogue, 4F-MDMB-BICA (4F-MDMB-BUTICA), has also been widely sold as a designer drug by chemical providers on the internet, first being identified in May 2020. It has been used as an active ingredient in synthetic cannabis products and sold as a designer drug since late 2018. 4F-MDMB-BINACA (also known as MDMB-4F-BINACA using systematic EMCDDA nomenclature or 4F-MDMB-BUTINACA) is an indazole-based synthetic cannabinoid from the indazole-3-carboxamide famil<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;LC separates the urine or blood sample and QTOF-MS provides high-resolution and accurate mass measurements for precise identification and structural elucidation of compounds. The LC-QTOF-MS method offers a more comprehensive and sensitive approach for drug detection, covering hundreds of recreational drugs, including NPS. Besides increasing the temperature to enlarge the drug aerolisation and bioavailability, one can elevate the flow rate of air through the e-cigarette and/or add a diluent . Of all e-cigarette users registered at this forum, 7.8 % vaped SCRAs . About 15 % of individuals registered at forums for drug users such as erowid.org who vaped cannabis have also vaped SRCAs. SCRAs belong, together with synthetic opioids, cathinones, amphetamines and hallucinogens to the new psychoactive substances (NPS) that are currently developed at high speed.&lt;br&gt; Data availabili</ins></div></td></tr> </table>

DamonAngas210 https://whdc.ac/index.php?title=Substance_Details_ADB-BUTINACA&diff=225057&oldid=prev 2026-05-24T09:28:43Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 09:28, 24 May 2026</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1">Line 1:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">As synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">SCRA</del>) <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">are gaining popularity globally</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">clinicians have to understand that intoxication caused by vaping SCRA is not detected by commonly available tests</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">He confirmed </del>that <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">he had been vaping an electronic cigarette (e</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cigarette) earlier that day just before </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">onset </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">his symptoms</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Metabolic acidosis (</del>1<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">/3, 0/7</del>) and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">respiratory acidosis (1/3</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">0/7), All 10 patients recovered with supportive care, including intubation and ventilation for one case</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">In 3 cases </del>ADB<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">-BUTINACA was the only substance detected, while </del>in <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">seven other substances </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">misuse were also detected including other SCRA, opioids, benzodiazepines cocaine </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">pregabali</del>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">&lt;br&gt;LC separates </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">urine or blood sample and QTOF-MS provides high-resolution and accurate mass measurements </del>for <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">precise identification and structural elucidation </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">compounds</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The LC-QTOF-MS method offers a more comprehensive </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">sensitive approach </del>for <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">drug detection, covering hundreds of recreational drugs, including NPS. Besides increasing the temperature to enlarge </del>the drug <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">aerolisation and bioavailability, one can elevate </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">flow rate </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">air through </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">e</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cigarette and/or add </del>a <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">diluent . Of all e-cigarette users registered at this forum</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">7</del>.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">8 % vaped SCRAs . About </del>15 <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">% </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">individuals registered at forums for drug users such as erowid</del>.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">org who vaped cannabis have also vaped SRCAs. SCRAs belong, together with synthetic opioids, </del>cathinones<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, amphetamines and hallucinogens to </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">new psychoactive substances </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">NPS</del>) <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">that are currently developed at high speed</del>.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">&lt;br&gt;Data availabili&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;</del>Because response suppression may compromise stimulus control, rats failing to complete at least ten responses during the test session were excluded from the analysis of the discriminative stimulus effects of that dose of test compoun&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">In case of cannabis or Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, there are many previous studies regarding with their dependence potential and neurotoxicity (Cororan, et al</del>.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, 1974; Harris, et al</del>.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, 1974; Leite and Culini, 1974; Hutcheson, et al., 1998</del>&lt;br&gt;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">&lt;br&gt;Figure </del>1. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">&lt;br&gt;These synthetic cannabinoids act directly at cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors as does Δ9</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">tetrahydrocannabinol </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Δ9-THC</del>) found in <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">marijuana</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">but have different chemical structures unrelated to Δ9</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">THC, different metabolism</del>, and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">often greater toxicity (Fantegrossi et al</del>., <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2014)</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Discriminative stimulus effects were tested in rats trained to discriminate Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">3 mg</del>/<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">kg, 30-min pretreatment</del>). <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">5F</del>-MDMB-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">PINACA (also known as 5F-ADB, 5F-ADB</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">PINACA), </del>MDMB-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">CHIMICA, MDMB</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">FUBINACA</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ADB-FUBINACA</del>, and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">AMB-FUBINACA (also known as FUB-AMB, MMB-FUBINACA) were tested for in vivo cannabinoid-like effects to assess their abuse liabilit</del>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">4. Drugs </del>&lt;br&gt;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">In general, the locomotor depressant and discriminative stimulus effects have been observed at doses that do not produce adverse effects, although tremors were observed upon handling in mice that received </del>JWH-210 <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">(Gatch et al., 2016)</del>, and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">5F-AMB produced sustained vocalization </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">convulsions in rats (Gatch et al., 2018). All of </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">synthetic cannabinoids tested in the present study fully substituted </del>for <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the discriminative stimulus effects of Δ9</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">THC</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Subsequently</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">a one</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">way analysis of variance was conducted on horizontal activity counts for the 30-min period of maximal effect</del>, and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">planned comparisons were conducted for each dose against the vehicle control using single degree-of-freedom F tests</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">A two-way analysis of variance</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">with dose as a between groups factor and time as a within subject factor</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">was conducted on horizontal activity counts/10 min interval. Locomotor activity in mice was tested to screen for locomotor depressant effects </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">to identify behaviorally-active dose ranges and times of peak effect</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Previous studies have demonstrated that these compounds have chemical structures similar to synthetic cannabinoids known to have substantial abuse liability </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">act at the CB1 receptor.</del>&lt;br&gt;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Michael B Gatch </del>&lt;br&gt;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Substantial depressant effects </del>were observed <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">within </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">first 10 min</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and maximal depression </del>was <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">observed between 0–30 min following administration</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Tremors were observed 30 minutes following </del>1 mg/kg <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">AMB</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">FUBINACA </del>in <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">3 of 8 mice </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">data not shown</del>). <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Substantial depressant effects were observed within </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">first 10 min</del>, and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">maximal depression was observed between 10–40 </del>min <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and lasted up to 2</del>.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">5 </del>to <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">3 h at the </del>[https://cannabinoidsrc4f-adb.com/ <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Https:</del>/<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">/cannabinoidsrc4f-adb.com] highest dose tested </del>(0.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">5 mg</del>/<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">kg)</del>.&lt;br&gt;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Figure 1. </del>&lt;br&gt;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">There is indication that at least some </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the first-generation synthetic cannabinoids act at receptors other than cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 (Wiley et al.</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2016)</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and a compound from </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">present study, 5F-MDMB-PINACA, was found </del>to <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">activate midbrain dopamine neurons</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">but not serotonin neurons (Asaoka et al.</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2016). As previously mentioned</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">all of </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">compounds tested in </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">present study (MDMB-PINACA</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">MDMB</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">CHMICA, </del>MDMB-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">FUBINACA, ADB</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">FUBINACA, and AMB</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">FUBINACA</del>) <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">act </del>as <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">agonists at CB1 receptors (Banister et al.</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2015, 2016; Gamage et al</del>.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, </del>2018<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">), which suggests these compounds will produce Δ9</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">THC</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">like effects, including abuse liability. Tremors were not observed following AMB</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">FUBINACA during the drug discrimination study, but the maximum dose tested was only 0.1 mg/kg, which </del>is <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">10</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">fold lower than </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">dose that produced tremors in the mic</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Synthetic cannabinoids have consistently been shown to produce discriminative stimulus effects similar to those 5CLADBA of Δ9-THC </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Bannister and Connor, 2018</ins>), <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and MDMB-FUBINACA fully substituted for Δ9-THC (Gamage et al., 2018)</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The chemical structures of the recent synthetic cannabinoids are unlike </ins>that <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">of Δ9</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">THC, but are largely based on </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">structure </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">older synthetic cannabinoids that are known to have substantial abuse liability (Fig</ins>. 1)<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">. All 5 compounds decreased locomotor activity </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">produced discriminative stimulus effects similar to those of Δ9-THC</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">which suggests they may have abuse liability similar to that of Δ9-THC</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Subsequent testing identified 5F-</ins>ADB <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">to have been present </ins>in <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">a total </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ten people who had died from unexplained drug overdoses in Japan between September 2014 and December 2014. AMB-FUBINACA produced tremors </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">may be of increased risk in human recreational users.</ins>&lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Michael B Gatch </ins>&lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">These findings are in agreement with earlier studies showing </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">synthetic cannabinoids substitute </ins>for <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the discriminative stimulus effects </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Δ9-THC (see review by Wiley et al., 2017)</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Pretreatment times </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">dose ranges </ins>for the drug <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">discrimination assay were selected based on </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">time </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">peak depression in </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">locomotor activity assay in mice. As mentioned previously, short</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">onset compounds have </ins>a <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">greater abuse liability; further</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">compounds that have fewer adverse effects while they are active are likely to be preferred</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">All five of the compounds in the present study fully substituted with a pretreatment time of </ins>15 <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">min, suggesting a rapid onset </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the discriminative stimulus effects</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">All of the </ins>cathinones <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">fully substituted for </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">discriminative stimulus effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">≥80% drug-appropriate responding</ins>). Because response suppression may compromise stimulus control, rats failing to complete at least ten responses during the test session were excluded from the analysis of the discriminative stimulus effects of that dose of test compoun&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Fig</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2</ins>. &lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Separation of compounds was performed on a 2.1 mm×100 mm, </ins>1.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">7 5CLADBA μm particle size ACQUITY Torus™ DIOL analytical column (Waters) with guard cartridge. Measurements were performed by an ACQUITY UPC2 supercritical fluid chromatography system (Waters) coupled with a Xevo TQ</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">S Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Waters</ins>)<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">. During the death scene examination, multiple cigarette butts without filters were </ins>found in <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">an ashtray; also found were alcohol bottles</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">an unopened box of nebivolol</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">containing drug</ins>, and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">18 g of unrecognizable herbal residue in a cigarette box</ins>.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">&lt;br&gt;Data concerning the combined effects of SCRAs and other substances are highly limited</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">which renders forensic evaluation of possible overdose cases difficult </ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The threshold SCRA concentration for fatal overdose can be estimated ng/mL level </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">0.37–4.1 ng</ins>/<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">mL according to the reported cases</ins>) <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">in cases in which 1.5–2</ins>.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">5 g/L of ethanol is present in the blood. The victims were brothers who were both found deceased after consuming 4F</ins>-MDMB-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">BINACA and ethanol. These confusing shorter names were not scientifically adopted but were used by websites selling the drugs to the public. Monitoring metabolism of synthetic cannabinoid 4F</ins>-MDMB-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">BINACA via high</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">resolution mass spectrometry assessed in cultured hepatoma cell line</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">fungus</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">liver microsomes </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">confirmed using urine samples. This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the author</ins>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">This makes </ins>JWH-210 <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">powder one of the most powerful compounds in its class</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">often used in incense blends </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">research settings. Our commitment to quality </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">customer satisfaction makes us </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">best place </ins>for <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">jwh 210 buy</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">whether you need it for research, incense blends, or other legal applications</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">For qualified professionals</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">investing in high</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">quality, verified material ensures accuracy, safety</ins>, and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">regulatory compliance</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Prioritize vendors providing full analytical validation</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">transparent documentation</ins>, and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">compliance with international controls</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Value is best assessed through consistency, verifiable purity, </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">regulatory compliance—not cost alon</ins>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Tremors </ins>were <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">not </ins>observed <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">following AMB-FUBINACA during </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">drug discrimination study</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">but the maximum dose tested </ins>was <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">only 0</ins>.1 mg/kg<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, which is 10</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">fold lower than the dose that produced tremors </ins>in <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the mic&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;After the incubation, mixture was centrifuged </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">18,000 x g, 20 °C</ins>) <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">for 5 min and 0.5 μL of the supernatant was directly injected to the chromatographic system</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">In </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">next step</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ammonium formate as salting agent was added to the mixture </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">incubated in a thermomixer (20 °C, 1200 rpm) for 15 </ins>min. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">After vortex-mixing, the mixture was allowed </ins>to <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">stand </ins>[https://cannabinoidsrc4f-adb.com/ <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">5CLADBA] at room temperature for 5 min. MS</ins>/<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">MS experiments were performed in MRM </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">multiple reaction monitoring) mode with an isolation window of </ins>0.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">4 m</ins>/<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">z</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The MS measurement was performed in positive ion mode (except for some acidic compounds such as barbiturates&lt;br&gt;</ins>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Inclusion in an NLM database does not imply endorsement </ins>of, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">or agreement with</ins>, the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">contents by NLM or the National Institutes of Health. It is illegal </ins>to <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">sell</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">distribute</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">supply</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">transport or trade </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">pharmaceutical drug under </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Psychoactive Substances Act 2016. The corresponding indole core analogue</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">4F</ins>-MDMB-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">BICA (4F</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">MDMB</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">BUTICA</ins>)<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, has also been widely sold </ins>as <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">a designer drug by chemical providers on the internet</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">first being identified in May 2020</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">It has been used as an active ingredient in synthetic cannabis products and sold as a designer drug since late </ins>2018<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">. 4F-MDMB-BINACA (also known as MDMB-4F</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">BINACA using systematic EMCDDA nomenclature or 4F</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">MDMB</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">BUTINACA) </ins>is <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">an indazole</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">based synthetic cannabinoid from </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">indazole-3-carboxamide famil</ins></div></td></tr> </table>

DamonAngas210 https://whdc.ac/index.php?title=Substance_Details_ADB-BUTINACA&diff=211218&oldid=prev 2026-05-22T12:15:58Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 12:15, 22 May 2026</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1">Line 1:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>These synthetic cannabinoids act <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">4F ADB </del>directly at cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors as does Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) found in marijuana, but have different chemical structures unrelated to Δ9-THC, different metabolism, and often greater toxicity (Fantegrossi et al., 2014). Discriminative stimulus effects were tested in rats trained to discriminate Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (3 mg/kg, 30-min pretreatment). 5F-MDMB-PINACA (also known as 5F-ADB, 5F-ADB-PINACA), MDMB-CHIMICA, MDMB-FUBINACA, ADB-FUBINACA, and AMB-FUBINACA (also known as FUB-AMB, MMB-FUBINACA) were tested for in vivo cannabinoid-like effects to assess their abuse liabilit&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Demographic </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">clinical features are recorded and blood and/or urine samples analysed using high-resolution accurate mass liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The authors declare that they </del>have <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">no known competing financial interests or personal relationships </del>that <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">could have appeared to influence the work reported </del>in <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">this paper</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Second</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">we could not 4F ADB retrieve further detailed information about the e</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cigarette that was used by </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">patient such as </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">label or </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">region </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">origin</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Whether </del>a <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">recreational drug can be administered via vaping, depends </del>on <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">whether </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">drug becomes volatile under </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">evaporation temperature </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the e</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cigarette</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Of these samples</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">22 contained one or more SCRAs</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">THC </del>was <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">only detected </del>in <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">11 samples, only one contained cannabidiol </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">6 contained a mixture </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">THC </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cannabidiol. There is difficulty in finding </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">right information about the NPS, defining their potency and confirmation of their existence in e-liquids or urine samples</del>.&lt;br&gt;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Data availabili</del>&lt;br&gt;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;LC-QTOF-MS represents a significant advancement in </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">field of drug detection, offering higher sensitivity, specificity</del>, and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">a broader spectrum of detectable substances</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Despite all negative results </del>in <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the point-</del>of<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">-care test for recreational drugs, the liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">LC-QTOF-MS</del>) <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">analysis showed that </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">liquid of the e-cigarette contained ADB-BUTINACA</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">a synthetic cannabinoid</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">We report a 27-year-old man who was admitted </del>to the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">emergency room because of sudden </del>[https://cannabinoidsrc4f-adb.com/ <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">4F ADB</del>] <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">headache, nausea, vertigo, red eyes and palpitations</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Synthetic cannabinoids are gaining popularity globally and detection is not commonly availabl</del>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">&lt;br&gt;Product ions detected </del>at <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">m/z 302, 217, and 145 (B2) confirmed that tert-leucine and indazole moieties remained unchanged, leading to </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">structure elucidation of a hydroxy</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">functional group </del>at <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the 4-position of the butyl side chain by oxidative defluorination. The product ion m/z 336 </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">loss of methyl ester moiety) further confirmed the presence of dihydroxylated metabolites</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The precursor ion</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">m/z 364 (B14</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">B5/B6) had </del>a <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">loss of 2 Da </del>from <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">m/z 366 indicated further dehydrogenation of </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ester hydrolysis plus monohydroxylated metabolites. The presence of the product ion m/z 320</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">likely formed from a loss of carbon dioxide</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">indicated monohydroxylation at the tert-leucine in B8 </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">m/z 219)</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">butyl side chain in B9 (m/z 145) and indazole moiety in B13 (m/z 161</del>). <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The precursor ion</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">m/z 350 showed a loss </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">14 Da explaining </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">hydrolysis of methyl ester from 4F-</del>MDMB-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">BINACA.&lt;br&gt;Fig. 2. &lt;br&gt;4F-</del>MDMB-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">BINACA was hydrolysed via ester hydrolysis forming the 4F-</del>MDMB-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">BINACA ester hydrolysis metabolite (B22). Data obtained from the twenty urine samples were retrospectively analysed and processed using TraceFinder software based on the identification criteria of mass errors less than ± 5 ppm for full MS peaks and MS/MS peaks from the theoretical mass and matching of MS/MS spectra. The mixture was vortex</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">mixed and 500 µL of this mixture and 500 µL of methanol were loaded onto the Clean Screen FASt® tube. After incubation, the mixture was cooled at room temperature</del>, and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">150 µL of purified water was added. High</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">resolution QTOF-MS data were acquired on an Agilent 6510 Accurate Mass QTOF mass spectrometer (Agilent Technologies</del>) <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">equipped with dual electrospray ionization </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ESI) source operated in both positive and negative ion modes</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">to determine accurate masses of the metabolites. Chromatographic separation was performed on an Agilent 1290 LC system with a Poroshell 120 EC-C18 analytical column (2.7 μm</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">75 × 2.1 mm</del>; <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA).&lt;br&gt;Fig. 1</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">&lt;br&gt;Monitoring metabolism of synthetic cannabinoid 4F-MDMB-BINACA via high-resolution mass spectrometry assessed in cultured hepatoma cell line, fungus</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">4F ADB liver microsomes and confirmed using urine samples The threshold for fatal overdose of combined use of SCRAs and ethanol can be estimated as a little ng/mL (0.37–4.1 ng/mL according to the reported cases</del>) <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">of SCRA and 1.5–2.5 g/L of ethanol. The reported cases and reviews of the scientific literature suggest a possible synergistic effect between SCRAs and ethanol</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">because their combined use clearly increases their toxicity. The victim died due to severe necrotizing pancreatitis and acute kidney injury evolving into multi</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">organ failure 11 days after hospital admission . Studies have found no unequivocal synergistic effect between </del>THC <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and ethanol at low or moderate ethanol doses [29</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">30], but no data on high doses of ethanol are available</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Given that THC and ethanol act on </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">same receptors</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">data on their simultaneous use may yield important insights in this regard.&lt;br&gt;Fungus C. elegans &lt;br&gt;Concentrations of 4F-MDMB-BINACA in </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">postmortem blood samples were 2</del>.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">50 and 2.34 ng</del>/<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">mL</del>, which <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">are in line with published data. Although the lethal dose of 4F-MDMB-BINACA </del>is <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">unknown, its concentration in postmortem blood samples was found to range between 0.</del>10 <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and 2.90 ng/mL . In SCRA</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">related cases in which </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">deceased suffered from heart disease, the SCRA concentration </del>in the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">postmortem blood was less than 1 ng/mL . Concentrations of SCRAs in postmortem cases cover a wide range ; however, some reports of survival have also been published—even at relatively high blood SCRA concentrations [19, 20</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">As synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRA) are gaining popularity globally, clinicians have to understand that intoxication caused by vaping SCRA is not detected by commonly available tests. He confirmed that he had been vaping an electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) earlier that day just before the onset of his symptoms. Metabolic acidosis (1/3, 0/7) and respiratory acidosis (1/3, 0/7), All 10 patients recovered with supportive care, including intubation and ventilation for one case. In 3 cases ADB-BUTINACA was the only substance detected, while in seven other substances of misuse were also detected including other SCRA, opioids, benzodiazepines cocaine and pregabali&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;LC separates the urine or blood sample and QTOF-MS provides high-resolution and accurate mass measurements for precise identification and structural elucidation of compounds. The LC-QTOF-MS method offers a more comprehensive and sensitive approach for drug detection, covering hundreds of recreational drugs, including NPS. Besides increasing the temperature to enlarge the drug aerolisation and bioavailability, one can elevate the flow rate of air through the e-cigarette and/or add a diluent . Of all e-cigarette users registered at this forum, 7.8 % vaped SCRAs . About 15 % of individuals registered at forums for drug users such as erowid.org who vaped cannabis have also vaped SRCAs. SCRAs belong, together with synthetic opioids, cathinones, amphetamines and hallucinogens to the new psychoactive substances (NPS) that are currently developed at high speed.&lt;br&gt;Data availabili&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Because response suppression may compromise stimulus control, rats failing to complete at least ten responses during the test session were excluded from the analysis of the discriminative stimulus effects of that dose of test compoun&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;In case of cannabis or Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, there are many previous studies regarding with their dependence potential and neurotoxicity (Cororan, et al., 1974; Harris, et al., 1974; Leite and Culini, 1974; Hutcheson, et al., 1998&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Figure 1. &lt;br&gt;</ins>These synthetic cannabinoids act directly at cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors as does Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) found in marijuana, but have different chemical structures unrelated to Δ9-THC, different metabolism, and often greater toxicity (Fantegrossi et al., 2014). Discriminative stimulus effects were tested in rats trained to discriminate Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (3 mg/kg, 30-min pretreatment). 5F-MDMB-PINACA (also known as 5F-ADB, 5F-ADB-PINACA), MDMB-CHIMICA, MDMB-FUBINACA, ADB-FUBINACA, and AMB-FUBINACA (also known as FUB-AMB, MMB-FUBINACA) were tested for in vivo cannabinoid-like effects to assess their abuse liabilit&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">4. Drugs </ins>&lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">In general, the locomotor depressant </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">discriminative stimulus effects </ins>have <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">been observed at doses </ins>that <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">do not produce adverse effects, although tremors were observed upon handling </ins>in <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">mice that received JWH-210 (Gatch et al</ins>., <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2016), and 5F</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">AMB produced sustained vocalization and convulsions in rats (Gatch et al., 2018). All of </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">synthetic cannabinoids tested in </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">present study fully substituted for </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">discriminative stimulus effects </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Δ9-THC</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Subsequently, </ins>a <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">one-way analysis of variance was conducted </ins>on <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">horizontal activity counts for </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">30-min period of maximal effect, and planned comparisons were conducted for each dose against </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">vehicle control using single degree-</ins>of-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">freedom F tests</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">A two-way analysis of variance</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">with dose as a between groups factor and time as a within subject factor</ins>, was <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">conducted on horizontal activity counts/10 min interval. Locomotor activity </ins>in <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">mice was tested to screen for locomotor depressant effects and to identify behaviorally-active dose ranges </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">times </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">peak effect. Previous studies have demonstrated that these compounds have chemical structures similar to synthetic cannabinoids known to have substantial abuse liability </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">act at </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">CB1 receptor</ins>.&lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Michael B Gatch </ins>&lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Substantial depressant effects were observed within </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">first 10 min</ins>, and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">maximal depression was observed between 0–30 min following administration</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Tremors were observed 30 minutes following 1 mg/kg AMB-FUBINACA </ins>in <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">3 </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">8 mice </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">data not shown</ins>)<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">. Substantial depressant effects were observed within </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">first 10 min</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and maximal depression was observed between 10–40 min and lasted up to 2</ins>.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">5 </ins>to <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">3 h at </ins>the [https://cannabinoidsrc4f-adb.com/ <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Https://cannabinoidsrc4f-adb.com</ins>] <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">highest dose tested (0.5 mg/kg)</ins>.&lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Figure 1. </ins>&lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">There is indication that </ins>at <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">least some of </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">first</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">generation synthetic cannabinoids act </ins>at <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">receptors other than cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Wiley et al</ins>., <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2016)</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and </ins>a <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">compound </ins>from the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">present study, 5F-MDMB-PINACA</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">was found to activate midbrain dopamine neurons</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">but not serotonin neurons </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Asaoka et al.</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2016</ins>). <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">As previously mentioned</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">all </ins>of the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">compounds tested in the present study (</ins>MDMB-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">PINACA, </ins>MDMB-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">CHMICA, </ins>MDMB-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">FUBINACA, ADB</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">FUBINACA</ins>, and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">AMB</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">FUBINACA</ins>) <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">act as agonists at CB1 receptors </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Banister et al.</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2015</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2016</ins>; <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Gamage et al</ins>., <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2018</ins>), <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">which suggests these compounds will produce Δ9</ins>-THC<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">-like effects</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">including abuse liability</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Tremors were not observed following AMB-FUBINACA during </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">drug discrimination study</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">but </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">maximum dose tested was only 0</ins>.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">1 mg</ins>/<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">kg</ins>, which is 10-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">fold lower than </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">dose that produced tremors </ins>in the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">mic</ins></div></td></tr> </table>

DamonAngas210 https://whdc.ac/index.php?title=Substance_Details_ADB-BUTINACA&diff=211213&oldid=prev 2026-05-22T12:14:17Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 12:14, 22 May 2026</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1">Line 1:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Figure 1. &lt;br&gt;Each training session lasted a maximum of 10 min, </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the rats could earn up to 20 food pellets. Thirty minutes prior to the training sessions, rats received an injection of either vehicle or </del>Δ9-THC <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and were subsequently placed </del>in <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the behavior-testing chambers</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">where food (45</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">mg food pellets; Bio-Serve</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Frenchtown</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">NJ) was available as a reinforcer for every ten responses </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">FR10) on a designated injection appropriate lever. A houselight was centered over the hopper close to the ceiling and was illuminated only when the levers were active. Each dose range included doses that were without effect to those producing at least 50% depression compared to vehicle control</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were obtained from Envigo (Houston</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">TX</del>). <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Male ND4 Swiss–Webster mice </del>were <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">obtained from Envigo (Houston, TX) at approximately 8 weeks of age and maintained </del>in <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the University of North Texas Health Science Center (UNTHSC) animal facility for two weeks prior </del>to <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">testin&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;The current study indicates that the test compounds produce locomotor depression similar to that of </del>Δ9-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">THC</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and fully substitute for the discriminative stimulus effects of Δ9</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">THC</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">In summary</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">these </del>5F-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">MDMB</del>-PINACA, MDMB-CHIMICA, MDMB-FUBINACA, ADB-FUBINACA, and AMB-FUBINACA <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">have similar abuse liability </del>as <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Δ9</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">tetrahydrocannabinol and should be controlled in a similar fashion. Much of the </del>in vivo <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">5CL ADBA powder testing of the synthetic cannabinoid compounds have been pre-clinical studies focused on their </del>cannabinoid-like effects <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">or like the present study, focused on </del>their abuse <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">liability. There is indication that at least some of the first-generation synthetic cannabinoids act at receptors other than cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 (Wiley et al., 2016), and a compound from the present study, 5F-MDMB-PINACA, was found to activate midbrain dopamine neurons, but not serotonin neurons (Asaoka et al., 2016</del>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">A limitation of </del>this <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">case report is that </del>we <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">did </del>not <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">have a urine sample available for additional NPS testing. Point</del>-of<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">-care DOA tests using urine to screen for misuse of multiple substances, regularly include cannabis, amphetamines, cocaine, opioids, benzodiazepines and methadone</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">THC</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">methamphetamine, SRCA, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and ketamine are likely to become </del>volatile under the temperature of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">current </del>e-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cigarettes</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">while crack cocaine is hard to vaporise. A systematic review including data of 114 patients of which the majority </del>was <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">intoxicated due to SCRA smoking revealed that 45 % </del>of the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">patients who present at </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ER after an intoxication due to SCRA smoking recovered within 24 hours </del>.&lt;br&gt;Data <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">availability </del>&lt;br&gt;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Moreover</del>, a <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">study conducted </del>in the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">United Kingdom investigated components </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">e</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">liquids in 112 samples originating from prisoners</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">teenagers and test purchases </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">commercially available e</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cigarettes taken between 2014 and 2021 . This is the first case report </del>that <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">describes </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">toxicological symptoms </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">vaping </del>ADB-BUTINACA<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">. Results of the DOA test (including testing for amphetamines</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">methamphetamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, cocaine, methadone, opioids, cannabis, tricyclic antidepressants) were available within 30 minutes and were all negative</del>. We report a <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">case </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">an involuntary intoxication of the SCRA </del>ADB<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">-BUTINACA after vaping</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">There </del>are <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">several pitfalls in the </del>detection <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">of SCRA in samples taken from the patient.</del>&lt;br&gt;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Data availabili</del>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">In-vitro metabolism studies are generally used to complement these data using perfused organs</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">tissue or cell cultures </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">microsomal preparations amongst which pooled human liver microsomes </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">HLM</del>) <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">have been frequently used </del>to <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">elucidate metabolism </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">SCBs [12,13,14,15,16&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Similarly, </del>precursor ion <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">identified at </del>m/z <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">380 </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">B19/B21</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">B23</del>/<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">B25</del>) <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">was 16 </del>Da <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">higher than </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">4F-MDMB-BINACA</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">indicating </del>monohydroxylation at the butyl side chain (<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">B19</del>/<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">B21</del>) and indazole (<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">B23/B25) moieties with product ions </del>m/z <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">145 and </del>161, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">respectively. Metabolites identified at </del>m/z <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">366 (B8, B9, B13), which </del>was <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">16 Da higher than </del>the 4F-MDMB-BINACA ester hydrolysis metabolite (B22)<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, confirmed monohydroxylation upon ester hydrolysis</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Death involving these drugs have been reported [</del>5<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">,6,7,8,9], </del>and this <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">raises public health </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">social concerns</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Due to their similar physiological effects to </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">principal psychoactive component of cannabis, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">SCBs are gaining popularity </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">are often abused as recreational drugs</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The fact that similar 4F</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">MDMB</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">BINACA and ethanol concentrations </del>were <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">detected </del>in the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">postmortem blood samples of both victims suggests that both substances played </del>a <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">role in the fatal outcom</del>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">&lt;br&gt;A 30</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">min period</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">beginning when maximal depression </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">locomotor activity first appeared </del>as a <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">function </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">dose, was used for analysis </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">dose-response data </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">calculation </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ED50 values</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">During test sessions, both levers were active, such that ten consecutive responses on either lever led </del>to <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[https://cannabinoidsrc4f</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">adb</del>.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">com/ 5CL ADBA powder</del>] <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">reinforcement</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The substitution tests occurred only if </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">rats had achieved 85% injection-appropriate responding </del>on <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the two prior training sessions</del>.&lt;br&gt;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The locomotor activity assay was used to identify approximate time courses </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">dose ranges of psychoactive effects</del>, which <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">is useful for identifying parameters for drug discrimination experiments and </del>are <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">also predictive of the time course of the psychoactive effects </del>in <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">human users</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The purpose of </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">present study was to assess the abuse liability </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">5F</del>-MDMB-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">PINACA</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">MDMB</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">CHIMICA</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">MDMB-FUBINACA, ADB-FUBINACA, and AMB-FUBINACA. Since there is currently no robust measure of </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">reinforcing</del>/<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">rewarding effects </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cannabinoids</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">drug discrimination is currently the best model for assessing abuse liability </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cannabinoids. The findings produce an apparent paradox, since CPP and self-administration predict with </del>high <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">reliability the likelihood that a compound will be abused by humans</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and cannabinoids are well-known to produce active drug-seeking in human</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">These synthetic cannabinoids act 4F ADB directly at cannabinoid CB1 </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">CB2 receptors as does Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (</ins>Δ9-THC<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">) found </ins>in <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">marijuana</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">but have different chemical structures unrelated to Δ9</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">THC</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">different metabolism</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and often greater toxicity </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Fantegrossi et al</ins>., <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2014</ins>). <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Discriminative stimulus effects </ins>were <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">tested </ins>in <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">rats trained </ins>to <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">discriminate </ins>Δ9-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">tetrahydrocannabinol (3 mg/kg</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">30</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">min pretreatment)</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">5F-MDMB-PINACA (also known as 5F-ADB</ins>, 5F-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ADB</ins>-PINACA<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">)</ins>, MDMB-CHIMICA, MDMB-FUBINACA, ADB-FUBINACA, and AMB-FUBINACA <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">(also known </ins>as <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">FUB-AMB, MMB</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">FUBINACA) were tested for </ins>in vivo cannabinoid-like effects <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">to assess </ins>their abuse <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">liabilit</ins>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Demographic and clinical features are recorded and blood and/or urine samples analysed using high-resolution accurate mass liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in </ins>this <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">paper. Second, </ins>we <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">could </ins>not <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">4F ADB retrieve further detailed information about the e</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cigarette that was used by the patient such as the label or the region </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">origin</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Whether a recreational drug can be administered via vaping</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">depends on whether the drug becomes </ins>volatile under the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">evaporation </ins>temperature of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the </ins>e-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cigarette. Of these samples, 22 contained one or more SCRAs</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">THC </ins>was <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">only detected in 11 samples, only one contained cannabidiol and 6 contained a mixture </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">THC and cannabidiol. There is difficulty in finding </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">right information about </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">NPS, defining their potency and confirmation of their existence in e-liquids or urine samples</ins>.&lt;br&gt;Data <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">availabili&lt;br&gt;</ins>&lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">&lt;br&gt;LC-QTOF-MS represents a significant advancement in the field of drug detection</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">offering higher sensitivity, specificity, and </ins>a <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">broader spectrum of detectable substances. Despite all negative results </ins>in the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">point-</ins>of-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">care test for recreational drugs</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-</ins>of-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) analysis showed </ins>that the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">liquid </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the e-cigarette contained </ins>ADB-BUTINACA, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">a synthetic cannabinoid</ins>. We report a <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">27-year-old man who was admitted to the emergency room because </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">sudden [https://cannabinoidsrc4f-adb.com/ 4F </ins>ADB<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">] headache, nausea, vertigo, red eyes and palpitations</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Synthetic cannabinoids </ins>are <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">gaining popularity globally and </ins>detection <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">is not commonly availabl</ins>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Product ions detected at m/z 302, 217</ins>, and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">145 </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">B2</ins>) <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">confirmed that tert-leucine and indazole moieties remained unchanged, leading </ins>to <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the structure elucidation of a hydroxy-functional group at the 4-position of the butyl side chain by oxidative defluorination. The product ion m/z 336 (loss of methyl ester moiety) further confirmed the presence </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">dihydroxylated metabolites. The </ins>precursor ion<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, </ins>m/z <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">364 </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">B14</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">B5</ins>/<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">B6</ins>) <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">had a loss of 2 </ins>Da <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">from m/z 366 indicated further dehydrogenation of the ester hydrolysis plus monohydroxylated metabolites. The presence of </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">product ion m/z 320, likely formed from a loss of carbon dioxide</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">indicated </ins>monohydroxylation at the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">tert-leucine in B8 (m/z 219), </ins>butyl side chain <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">in B9 </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">m</ins>/<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">z 145</ins>) and indazole <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">moiety in B13 </ins>(m/z 161<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">). The precursor ion</ins>, m/z <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">350 showed a loss of 14 Da explaining the hydrolysis of methyl ester from 4F-MDMB-BINACA.&lt;br&gt;Fig. 2. &lt;br&gt;4F-MDMB-BINACA </ins>was <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">hydrolysed via ester hydrolysis forming </ins>the 4F-MDMB-BINACA ester hydrolysis metabolite (B22). <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Data obtained from the twenty urine samples were retrospectively analysed and processed using TraceFinder software based on the identification criteria of mass errors less than ± </ins>5 <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ppm for full MS peaks and MS/MS peaks from the theoretical mass and matching of MS/MS spectra. The mixture was vortex-mixed </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">500 µL of </ins>this <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">mixture </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">500 µL of methanol were loaded onto the Clean Screen FASt® tube</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">After incubation, </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">mixture was cooled at room temperature</ins>, and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">150 µL of purified water was added</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">High</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">resolution QTOF</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">MS data </ins>were <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">acquired on an Agilent 6510 Accurate Mass QTOF mass spectrometer (Agilent Technologies) equipped with dual electrospray ionization (ESI) source operated </ins>in <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">both positive and negative ion modes, to determine accurate masses of </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">metabolites. Chromatographic separation was performed on an Agilent 1290 LC system with </ins>a <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Poroshell 120 EC-C18 analytical column (2.7 μm, 75 × 2.1 mm; Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA).</ins>&lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Fig. 1. </ins>&lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Monitoring metabolism of synthetic cannabinoid 4F-MDMB-BINACA via high</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">resolution mass spectrometry assessed in cultured hepatoma cell line, fungus</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">4F ADB liver microsomes and confirmed using urine samples The threshold for fatal overdose of combined use </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">SCRAs and ethanol can be estimated </ins>as a <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">little ng/mL (0.37–4.1 ng/mL according to the reported cases) </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">SCRA and 1.5–2.5 g/L </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ethanol. The reported cases </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">reviews </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the scientific literature suggest a possible synergistic effect between SCRAs and ethanol, because their combined use clearly increases their toxicity</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The victim died due </ins>to <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">severe necrotizing pancreatitis and acute kidney injury evolving into multi</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">organ failure 11 days after hospital admission </ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Studies have found no unequivocal synergistic effect between THC and ethanol at low or moderate ethanol doses [29, 30</ins>]<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, but no data on high doses of ethanol are available</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Given that THC and ethanol act on </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">same receptors, data </ins>on <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">their simultaneous use may yield important insights in this regard.&lt;br&gt;Fungus C</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">elegans </ins>&lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Concentrations of 4F-MDMB-BINACA in the postmortem blood samples were 2.50 </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2.34 ng/mL</ins>, which are in <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">line with published data</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Although </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">lethal dose </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">4F</ins>-MDMB-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">BINACA is unknown</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">its concentration in postmortem blood samples was found to range between 0.10 and 2.90 ng/mL . In SCRA</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">related cases in which the deceased suffered from heart disease</ins>, the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">SCRA concentration in the postmortem blood was less than 1 ng</ins>/<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">mL . Concentrations </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">SCRAs in postmortem cases cover a wide range ; however</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">some reports </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">survival have also been published—even at relatively </ins>high <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">blood SCRA concentrations [19</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">20</ins></div></td></tr> </table>

DamonAngas210 https://whdc.ac/index.php?title=Substance_Details_ADB-BUTINACA&diff=211192&oldid=prev 2026-05-22T12:07:16Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 12:07, 22 May 2026</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1">Line 1:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">These synthetic cannabinoids act [https://cannabinoidsrc4f-adb</del>.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">com/ 5CLADBA] directly at cannabinoid CB1 </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">CB2 receptors as does Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (</del>Δ9-THC<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">) found </del>in <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">marijuana</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">but have different chemical structures unrelated to Δ9</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">THC</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">different metabolism</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and often greater toxicity </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Fantegrossi et al</del>.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, 2014)</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Discriminative stimulus effects </del>were <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">tested in rats trained </del>to <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">discriminate Δ9</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">tetrahydrocannabinol </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">3 mg/kg</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">30-min pretreatment</del>). <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">5F-MDMB-PINACA </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">also known as 5F-ADB</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">5F-ADB-PINACA</del>)<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, MDMB-CHIMICA, MDMB-FUBINACA, ADB-FUBINACA, </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">AMB-FUBINACA </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">also known as FUB-AMB, MMB-FUBINACA</del>) <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">were tested </del>for <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">in vivo cannabinoid-like effects </del>to <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">assess their abuse liabilit</del>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">4. Drugs </del>&lt;br&gt;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">In general, </del>the locomotor <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">depressant and discriminative stimulus effects have been observed at doses </del>that <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">do not produce adverse effects, although tremors were observed upon handling in mice that received JWH</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">210 (Gatch et al.</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2016), and 5F-AMB produced sustained vocalization </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">convulsions in rats (Gatch et al., 2018). All of the synthetic cannabinoids tested in the present study </del>fully <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">substituted </del>for the discriminative stimulus effects of Δ9-THC. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Subsequently</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">a one</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">way analysis of variance was conducted on horizontal activity counts for the 30</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">min period of maximal effect</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and planned comparisons were conducted for each dose against the vehicle control using single degree</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">of</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">freedom F tests. A two</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">way analysis of variance</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">with dose as a between groups factor </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">time as a within subject factor, was conducted on horizontal activity counts/10 min interval. Locomotor activity in mice was tested to screen for locomotor depressant effects and to identify behaviorally</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">active dose ranges and times of peak effect. Previous studies </del>have <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">demonstrated that these compounds have chemical structures </del>similar <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">to synthetic cannabinoids known to have substantial </del>abuse liability and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">act at the CB1 receptor</del>.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">&lt;br&gt;Michael B Gatch &lt;br&gt;Substantial depressant effects were observed within </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">first 10 min, and maximal depression was observed between 0–30 min following administration. Tremors were observed 30 minutes following 1 mg/kg AMB-FUBINACA </del>in <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">3 </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">8 mice (data not shown). Substantial depressant </del>effects <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">were observed within </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">first 10 min</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and maximal depression was observed between 10–40 min and lasted up to 2</del>.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">5 to 3 h at the 5CLADBA highest dose tested (0.5 mg/kg).&lt;br&gt;Figure 1. &lt;br&gt;</del>There is indication that at least some of the first-generation synthetic cannabinoids act at receptors other than cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 (Wiley et al., 2016), and a compound from the present study, 5F-MDMB-PINACA, was found to activate midbrain dopamine neurons, but not serotonin neurons (Asaoka et al., 2016<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">)</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">As previously mentioned, all </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the compounds tested in the present study (MDMB</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">PINACA</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">MDMB-CHMICA</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">MDMB-FUBINACA</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ADB-FUBINACA</del>, and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">AMB-FUBINACA) act as agonists at CB1 receptors (Banister et al</del>., <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2015</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2016; Gamage et al.</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2018</del>), <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">which suggests these compounds will produce Δ9</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">THC</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">like effects</del>, including <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">abuse liability. Tremors were not observed following AMB-FUBINACA during the drug discrimination study, but </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">maximum dose tested </del>was <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">only 0.1 mg/kg, which is 10-fold lower than </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">dose that produced tremors in </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">mic</del>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">4. Drugs &lt;br&gt;The purpose of the present </del>study <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">was to assess </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">abuse liability </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">5F</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">MDMB-PINACA</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">MDMB</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">CHIMICA, MDMB-FUBINACA, ADB-FUBINACA, </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">AMB-FUBINACA</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The findings produce an apparent paradox, since CPP and self-administration predict with high reliability </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">likelihood </del>that <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">a compound will be abused by humans, and cannabinoids are well-known to produce active drug</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">seeking in humans</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Drug discrimination is a well-known animal model </del>of the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">subjective effects of drugs and correlates well with abuse liability </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Young 2009; Horton et al. 2013). Assessment of abuse liability is based on several factors</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">including chemical structure</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">pharmacological mechanism of action</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and finally</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">subjective and reinforcing behavioral effects (FDA</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2010; Swedberg</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2013</del>).&lt;br&gt;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Michael B Gat</del>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Taken together these data further confirmed the structure elucidation of B16. The </del>precursor ion m/z <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">276 </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">B1</del>) <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">detected, which </del>was <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">74 </del>Da <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">lower </del>than <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">that for </del>the 4F-MDMB-BINACA <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ester hydrolysis metabolite </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">B22</del>)<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, indicated N-dealkylation of B22. The precursor ion </del>m/z <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">348 </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">product ion detected </del>at m/z <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">217 </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">B2</del>) <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">identified </del>was <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2 </del>Da <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">less </del>than the 4F-MDMB-BINACA ester hydrolysis metabolite (B22), <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">indicating oxidative defluorination </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">loss </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">fluorine with addition of hydroxy 5CLADBA group</del>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Although there were reports on the metabolism </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">4F</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">MDMB-BINACA using in-vivo </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">various in-vitro models</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">studies </del>were either <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">conducted using small in-vivo sample size such as 1 </del>to <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">4 samples </del>[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">5, 29</del>] <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">or in closed environments such as forensic psychiatric wards and prisons </del>. The <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">hepatic cell line HepG2 is often used as an initial screen as it is known to produce high reproducibility results with relatively stable enzyme concentration, although they are limited by </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">low</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">level expression of several metabolizing enzymes, including </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cytochrome P450 (CYP) class of proteins [17, 18]</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">In-vitro metabolism studies are generally </del>used to <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">complement these data using perfused organs</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">tissue or cell cultures </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">microsomal preparations amongst which pooled </del>human <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">liver microsomes (HLM) have been frequently used </del>to <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">elucidate metabolism </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">SCBs [12</del>,<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">13</del>,<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">14</del>,<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">15</del>,<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">16]</del>. Since <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">most SCBs are found extensively in metabolized forms in urine, </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">identification </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">metabolites </del>is <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">of vital importance </del>for <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">forensic and clinical toxicologists. Identifying SCB intake and its correlating specific adverse effects require rapid elucidation </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">these SCBs</del>. The <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">proliferation of SCBs has become </del>a <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">global challenge as new compounds </del>are <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">rapidly introduced into the illegal drug market </del>to <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">evade existing </del>drug <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">law</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Figure 1</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">&lt;br&gt;Each training session lasted a maximum of 10 min, </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the rats could earn up to 20 food pellets. Thirty minutes prior to the training sessions, rats received an injection of either vehicle or </ins>Δ9-THC <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and were subsequently placed </ins>in <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the behavior-testing chambers</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">where food (45-mg food pellets; Bio</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Serve</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Frenchtown</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">NJ) was available as a reinforcer for every ten responses </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">FR10) on a designated injection appropriate lever</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">A houselight was centered over the hopper close to the ceiling and was illuminated only when the levers were active</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Each dose range included doses that </ins>were <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">without effect to those producing at least 50% depression compared </ins>to <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">vehicle control. Twenty-four male Sprague</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Dawley rats were obtained from Envigo </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Houston</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">TX</ins>). <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Male ND4 Swiss–Webster mice were obtained from Envigo </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Houston</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">TX</ins>) <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">at approximately 8 weeks of age </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">maintained in the University of North Texas Health Science Center </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">UNTHSC</ins>) <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">animal facility </ins>for <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">two weeks prior </ins>to <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">testin</ins>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The current study indicates that </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">test compounds produce </ins>locomotor <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">depression similar to </ins>that <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">of Δ9</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">THC</ins>, and fully <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">substitute </ins>for the discriminative stimulus effects of Δ9-THC. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">In summary</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">these 5F</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">MDMB</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">PINACA</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">MDMB</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">CHIMICA, MDMB</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">FUBINACA, ADB</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">FUBINACA</ins>, and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">AMB</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">FUBINACA </ins>have similar abuse liability <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">as Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">should be controlled in a similar fashion</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Much of </ins>the in <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">vivo 5CL ADBA powder testing </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the synthetic cannabinoid compounds have been pre-clinical studies focused on their cannabinoid-like </ins>effects <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">or like </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">present study</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">focused on their abuse liability</ins>. There is indication that at least some of the first-generation synthetic cannabinoids act at receptors other than cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 (Wiley et al., 2016), and a compound from the present study, 5F-MDMB-PINACA, was found to activate midbrain dopamine neurons, but not serotonin neurons (Asaoka et al., 2016<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;A limitation of this case report is that we did not have a urine sample available for additional NPS testing</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Point-</ins>of-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">care DOA tests using urine to screen for misuse of multiple substances, regularly include cannabis</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">amphetamines</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cocaine</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">opioids</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">benzodiazepines </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">methadone</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">THC</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">methamphetamine</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">SRCA</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD</ins>), <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">gamma</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and ketamine are likely to become volatile under the temperature of current e</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cigarettes</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">while crack cocaine is hard to vaporise. A systematic review </ins>including <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">data of 114 patients of which </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">majority </ins>was <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">intoxicated due to SCRA smoking revealed that 45 % of </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">patients who present at </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ER after an intoxication due to SCRA smoking recovered within 24 hours .</ins>&lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Data availability </ins>&lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Moreover, a </ins>study <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">conducted in </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">United Kingdom investigated components </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">e</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">liquids in 112 samples originating from prisoners</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">teenagers and test purchases of commercially available e</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cigarettes taken between 2014 </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2021 </ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">This is </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">first case report </ins>that <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">describes the toxicological symptoms of vaping ADB</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">BUTINACA</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Results </ins>of the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">DOA test </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">including testing for amphetamines, methamphetamines, barbiturates</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">benzodiazepines</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cocaine</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">methadone</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">opioids</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cannabis</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">tricyclic antidepressants</ins>) <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">were available within 30 minutes and were all negative. We report a case of an involuntary intoxication of the SCRA ADB-BUTINACA after vaping. There are several pitfalls in the detection of SCRA in samples taken from the patient</ins>.&lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Data availabili&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;In-vitro metabolism studies are generally used to complement these data using perfused organs, tissue or cell cultures and microsomal preparations amongst which pooled human liver microsomes (HLM) have been frequently used to elucidate metabolism of SCBs [12,13,14,15,16</ins>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Similarly, </ins>precursor ion <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">identified at </ins>m/z <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">380 </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">B19/B21, B23/B25</ins>) was <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">16 </ins>Da <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">higher </ins>than the 4F-MDMB-BINACA<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, indicating monohydroxylation at the butyl side chain (B19/B21) and indazole </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">B23/B25</ins>) <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">moieties with product ions </ins>m/z <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">145 </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">161, respectively. Metabolites identified </ins>at m/z <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">366 </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">B8, B9, B13</ins>)<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, which </ins>was <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">16 </ins>Da <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">higher </ins>than the 4F-MDMB-BINACA ester hydrolysis metabolite (B22), <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">confirmed monohydroxylation upon ester hydrolysis. Death involving these drugs have been reported [5,6,7,8,9], and this raises public health and social concerns. Due to their similar physiological effects to the principal psychoactive component of cannabis, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">THC), SCBs are gaining popularity and are often abused as recreational drugs. The fact that similar 4F-MDMB-BINACA and ethanol concentrations were detected in the postmortem blood samples </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">both victims suggests that both substances played a role in the fatal outcom</ins>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">A 30-min period, beginning when maximal depression of locomotor activity first appeared as a function of dose, was used for analysis </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">dose</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">response data </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">calculation of ED50 values. During test sessions</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">both levers </ins>were <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">active, such that ten consecutive responses on </ins>either <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">lever led </ins>to [<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">https://cannabinoidsrc4f-adb.com/ 5CL ADBA powder</ins>] <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">reinforcement</ins>. The <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">substitution tests occurred only if </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">rats had achieved 85% injection</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">appropriate responding on </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">two prior training sessions</ins>.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">&lt;br&gt;The locomotor activity assay was </ins>used to <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">identify approximate time courses and dose ranges of psychoactive effects</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">which is useful for identifying parameters for drug discrimination experiments </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">are also predictive of the time course of the psychoactive effects in </ins>human <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">users. The purpose of the present study was </ins>to <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">assess the abuse liability </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">5F-MDMB-PINACA</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">MDMB-CHIMICA</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">MDMB-FUBINACA</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ADB-FUBINACA</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and AMB-FUBINACA</ins>. Since <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">there is currently no robust measure of </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">reinforcing/rewarding effects </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cannabinoids, drug discrimination </ins>is <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">currently the best model </ins>for <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">assessing abuse liability </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cannabinoids</ins>. The <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">findings produce an apparent paradox, since CPP and self-administration predict with high reliability the likelihood that </ins>a <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">compound will be abused by humans, and cannabinoids </ins>are <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">well-known </ins>to <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">produce active </ins>drug<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">-seeking in human</ins></div></td></tr> </table>

DamonAngas210 https://whdc.ac/index.php?title=Substance_Details_ADB-BUTINACA&diff=206259&oldid=prev 2026-05-20T07:06:31Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 07:06, 20 May 2026</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1">Line 1:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">High resolution mass spectrometry such as LC-QTOF-MS allows the detection and identification of a broad spectrum of recreational drugs, including new psychoactive substances. A point-of-care drugs of abuse (DOA) test was initially performed on the urine of the patient. He confirmed drinking 750 ml energy drink without any further consumption of food and using an e-cigarette from Gaziantep, Turkey 10 seconds before the onset of his first symptoms. He usually smokes a pack of cigarettes a day and sometimes smokes e-cigarettes. Combined with non-specific, transient symptoms, clinical recognition of SCRA intoxication is challenging .&lt;br&gt;Data availability &lt;br&gt;The intensity is plotted against the retention time for both chromatograms, demonstrating the </del>[https://cannabinoidsrc4f-adb.com/ 5CLADBA] <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">presence </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">elution profiles of nicotine and ADB</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">BUTINACA </del>in <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the analysed vape liquid sample. LC</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">QTOF-MS Chromatograms of Nicotine </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Top</del>) <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and ADB</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">BUTINACA </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Bottom</del>) <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">in the Vape Liquid used by the patient</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The LC</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">QTOF</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">MS analysis showed that the e</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">liquid contained nicotine and </del>ADB-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">BUTINACA (Fig. 1</del>)<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">. Because the point</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">of</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">care DOA test is generally not able to detect synthetic recreational drug substances</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the liquid of the e</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cigarette was thereafter screened using liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">flight mass spectrometry </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">LC</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">QTOF</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">MS</del>) <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">on the Waters™ Xevo G3 QTOF MS system. After eating a light meal and drinking caffeinated sports drinks at the ER, the nausea complaints of the patient </del>were <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">reduced and the patient was discharged hom</del>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;In <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the present study, we performed various methods based on animal behavioral testing including FOB test for </del>general <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">behavioral observation, rotarod test</del>, locomotor <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">activity test for motor function evaluation</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and water</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">maze test for learning/memory evaluation</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Known for its stability </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">consistent composition, this compound is frequently utilized by professionals seeking reliable materials for laboratory</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">based analytical studies</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">In this study</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">histopathological evaluation was performed to confirm the possibility of neurotoxicity </del>of the tested <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">substances by hematoxylin and eosin staining method from collected brain samples. In </del>the present study<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, we evaluated </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">neurotoxicity </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">two synthetic cannabinoids (JWH</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">081 and JWH</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">210) through observation </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">various behavioral changes </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">analysis </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">histopathological changes using experimental mice with various doses (0</del>.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">1, 1, 5 mg/kg). Selecting powder JWH</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">210 demands careful evaluation </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">purity</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">legality</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and supplier credibility</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Prices </del>for <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">research-grade JWH</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">210 vary significantly based on quantity, purity, </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">vendor complianc&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;The </del>chemical structures <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">of the recent synthetic cannabinoids are unlike that of Δ9-THC, but are largely based on the structure of older </del>synthetic cannabinoids <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">that are </del>known to have substantial abuse liability <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">(Fig</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">1</del>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Thirty minutes prior to </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">training sessions</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">rats received an injection of either vehicle or Δ9-THC </del>and were <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">subsequently placed </del>in the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">behavior-testing chambers</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">where food </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">45-</del>mg <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">food pellets; Bio-Serve, Frenchtown, NJ</del>) <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">was available as a reinforcer for every ten responses (FR10) on a designated injection appropriate leve</del>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">&lt;br&gt;Product ions detected </del>at <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">m/z 302, 217, </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">145 </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">B2</del>) <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">confirmed that tert-leucine </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">indazole moieties remained unchanged</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">leading to the structure elucidation of a hydroxy</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">functional group at the 4</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">position of the butyl side chain by oxidative defluorination</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The product ion m/z 336 (loss of methyl ester moiety</del>) <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">further confirmed the presence of dihydroxylated metabolites</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The precursor ion</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">m/z 364 (B14, B5/B6) had a loss of 2 Da from m/z 366 indicated further dehydrogenation </del>of the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ester hydrolysis plus monohydroxylated metabolites. The presence of </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">product ion m/z 320</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">likely formed from a loss of carbon dioxide</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">indicated monohydroxylation at the tert</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">leucine in B8 (m/z 219)</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">butyl side chain in B9 (m/z 145</del>) <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and indazole moiety in B13 </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">m/z 161</del>). <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The precursor ion</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">m</del>/<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">z 350 showed a loss of 14 Da explaining </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">hydrolysis of methyl ester from 4F-MDMB-BINACA.</del>&lt;br&gt;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Fig. 2</del>. &lt;br&gt;The <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">precursor ion m/z 396 (B10, B12/B15) </del>was <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">32 Da higher than </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">parent drug</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">4F</del>-MDMB-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">BINACA</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">suggesting the addition of two hydroxy groups</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">All </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">below explanations for transformations into metabolites </del>are <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">based on the data shown </del>in <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Fig</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Metabolites were identified according to their precursor ions, product ions, </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">fragmentation patterns </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Fig</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">1</del>). <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Traditional in-vivo metabolism studies to generate human metabolites </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">drugs relied heavily </del>on <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the use </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">whole animal model systems</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">which are expensive</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">limited by drug administration amount, influenced by species variation </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">faced by many ethical issues. Eight in-vivo metabolites tentatively identified were mainly products of ester hydrolysis with or without additional dehydrogenation</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">N-dealkylation</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">monohydroxylation and oxidative defluorination with further oxidation to butanoic acid</del>.&lt;br&gt;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Fig. 1. </del>&lt;br&gt;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">This outcome was anticipated since CES-mediated hydrolysis is commonly 5CLADBA reported as </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">major metabolic pathway among the SCBs impacting the terminal ester group </del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Glucosides and sulfate metabolites have been reported with other SCBs where C. From these three samples, sample 2 contained only an ester hydrolysis metabolite (</del>m/z <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">350</del>)<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">. Both </del>ester hydrolysis <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">followed by oxidative defluorination to butanoic acid </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">B4</del>, m/z <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">362) </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">monohydroxylation </del>at <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">tert-leucine moiety (B8, </del>m/z <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">366</del>) <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">metabolites were found in 16/20 urine samples </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Table 2</del>)<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">. A In-vitro metabolites observed in common among respective seven most abundant metabolites in b C. The product ion detected at m/z 235</del>, indicating loss of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">sulfate, confirmed the identity </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the sulfation metabolite.</del>&lt;br&gt;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Fungus C. elegans </del>&lt;br&gt;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Methyl (2S)</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">([1</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">(4</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">fluorobutyl)</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">1H-indazole-3-carbonyl</del>]<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">amino)</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">3</del>,<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">3-dimethylbutanoate </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">4F</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">MDMB-BINACA</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">4F-MDMB-BUTINACA </del>or <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">4F-ADB</del>), <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">found in numerous SCB product seizures</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">has been reported by various law enforcement since 2018 </del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">However, </del>most <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">of the </del>SCBs are <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">full agonists at CB1 and CB2 receptors</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">having a higher risk </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">undesirable side </del>effects <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">when compared to THC which is a partial agonist </del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Synthetic cannabinoids (</del>SCBs<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">) </del>are <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">agonists at cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) and type 2 (CB2), where they elicit their main effect</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">These synthetic cannabinoids act </ins>[https://cannabinoidsrc4f-adb.com/ 5CLADBA] <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">directly at cannabinoid CB1 </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">CB2 receptors as does Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">THC) found </ins>in <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">marijuana, but have different chemical structures unrelated to Δ9</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">THC, different metabolism, and often greater toxicity </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Fantegrossi et al., 2014</ins>)<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">. Discriminative stimulus effects were tested in rats trained to discriminate Δ9</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">tetrahydrocannabinol </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">3 mg/kg, 30-min pretreatment</ins>). <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">5F-MDMB</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">PINACA (also known as 5F</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ADB, 5F</ins>-ADB-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">PINACA</ins>)<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, MDMB</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">CHIMICA, MDMB</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">FUBINACA</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ADB</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">FUBINACA, and AMB</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">FUBINACA </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">also known as FUB</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">AMB, MMB</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">FUBINACA</ins>) were <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">tested for in vivo cannabinoid-like effects to assess their abuse liabilit</ins>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">4. Drugs </ins>&lt;br&gt;In general, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the </ins>locomotor <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">depressant and discriminative stimulus effects have been observed at doses that do not produce adverse effects</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">although tremors were observed upon handling in mice that received JWH</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">210 (Gatch et al</ins>.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, 2016), </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">5F</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">AMB produced sustained vocalization and convulsions in rats (Gatch et al</ins>., <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2018). All </ins>of the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">synthetic cannabinoids </ins>tested <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">in </ins>the present study <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">fully substituted for </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">discriminative stimulus effects </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Δ9-THC. Subsequently, a one</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">way analysis of variance was conducted on horizontal activity counts for the 30</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">min period </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">maximal effect, </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">planned comparisons were conducted for each dose against the vehicle control using single degree-</ins>of<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">-freedom F tests</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">A two</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">way analysis </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">variance</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">with dose as a between groups factor and time as a within subject factor</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">was conducted on horizontal activity counts/10 min interval</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Locomotor activity in mice was tested to screen </ins>for <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">locomotor depressant effects and to identify behaviorally</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">active dose ranges </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">times of peak effect. Previous studies have demonstrated that these compounds have </ins>chemical structures <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">similar to </ins>synthetic cannabinoids known to have substantial abuse liability <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and act at the CB1 receptor</ins>.&lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Michael B Gatch </ins>&lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Substantial depressant effects were observed within </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">first 10 min</ins>, and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">maximal depression was observed between 0–30 min following administration. Tremors </ins>were <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">observed 30 minutes following 1 mg/kg AMB-FUBINACA </ins>in <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">3 of 8 mice (data not shown). Substantial depressant effects were observed within </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">first 10 min</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and maximal depression was observed between 10–40 min and lasted up to 2.5 to 3 h at the 5CLADBA highest dose tested </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">0.5 </ins>mg<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">/kg</ins>)<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">.</ins>&lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Figure 1. </ins>&lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">There is indication that at least some of the first-generation synthetic cannabinoids act </ins>at <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">receptors other than cannabinoid CB1 </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">CB2 </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Wiley et al., 2016</ins>)<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">a compound from the present study</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">5F</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">MDMB</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">PINACA, was found to activate midbrain dopamine neurons, but not serotonin neurons (Asaoka et al</ins>.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, 2016</ins>). <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">As previously mentioned</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">all </ins>of the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">compounds tested in </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">present study (MDMB-PINACA, MDMB-CHMICA</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">MDMB-FUBINACA</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ADB</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">FUBINACA</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and AMB-FUBINACA</ins>) <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">act as agonists at CB1 receptors </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Banister et al., 2015, 2016; Gamage et al., 2018</ins>)<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, which suggests these compounds will produce Δ9-THC-like effects, including abuse liability</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Tremors were not observed following AMB-FUBINACA during the drug discrimination study</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">but the maximum dose tested was only 0.1 mg</ins>/<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">kg, which is 10-fold lower than the dose that produced tremors in </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">mic&lt;br&gt;</ins>&lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">4</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Drugs </ins>&lt;br&gt;The <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">purpose of the present study </ins>was <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">to assess </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">abuse liability of 5F-MDMB-PINACA</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">MDMB</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">CHIMICA, </ins>MDMB-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">FUBINACA, ADB-FUBINACA</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and AMB-FUBINACA</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The findings produce an apparent paradox, since CPP and self-administration predict with high reliability </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">likelihood that a compound will be abused by humans, and cannabinoids </ins>are <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">well-known to produce active drug-seeking </ins>in <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">humans</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Drug discrimination is a well-known animal model of the subjective effects of drugs </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">correlates well with abuse liability </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Young 2009; Horton et al</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2013</ins>). <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Assessment </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">abuse liability is based </ins>on <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">several factors, including chemical structure, pharmacological mechanism </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">action</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and finally</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">subjective </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">reinforcing behavioral effects (FDA</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2010; Swedberg</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2013)</ins>.&lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Michael B Gat&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;</ins>&lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Taken together these data further confirmed </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">structure elucidation of B16</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The precursor ion </ins>m/z <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">276 (B1</ins>) <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">detected, which was 74 Da lower than that for the 4F-MDMB-BINACA </ins>ester hydrolysis <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">metabolite </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">B22)</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">indicated N-dealkylation of B22. The precursor ion </ins>m/z <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">348 </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">product ion detected </ins>at m/z <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">217 (B2</ins>) <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">identified was 2 Da less than the 4F-MDMB-BINACA ester hydrolysis metabolite </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">B22</ins>), indicating <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">oxidative defluorination (</ins>loss of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">fluorine with addition </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">hydroxy 5CLADBA group&lt;br&gt;</ins>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Although there were reports on the metabolism of 4F</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">MDMB</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">BINACA using in</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">vivo and various in</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">vitro models, studies were either conducted using small in</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">vivo sample size such as 1 to 4 samples [5, 29</ins>] <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">or in closed environments such as forensic psychiatric wards and prisons . The hepatic cell line HepG2 is often used as an initial screen as it is known to produce high reproducibility results with relatively stable enzyme concentration, although they are limited by the low</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">level expression of several metabolizing enzymes</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">including the cytochrome P450 </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">CYP) class of proteins [17, 18]. In</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">vitro metabolism studies are generally used to complement these data using perfused organs</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">tissue </ins>or <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">cell cultures and microsomal preparations amongst which pooled human liver microsomes (HLM</ins>) <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">have been frequently used to elucidate metabolism of SCBs [12</ins>,<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">13,14,15</ins>,<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">16]</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Since </ins>most SCBs are <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">found extensively in metabolized forms in urine</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the identification of metabolites is </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">vital importance for forensic and clinical toxicologists. Identifying SCB intake and its correlating specific adverse </ins>effects <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">require rapid elucidation of these SCBs</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The proliferation of </ins>SCBs <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">has become a global challenge as new compounds </ins>are <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">rapidly introduced into the illegal drug market to evade existing drug law</ins></div></td></tr> </table>

EmanuelStine913 https://whdc.ac/index.php?title=Substance_Details_ADB-BUTINACA&diff=206253&oldid=prev 2026-05-20T07:04:54Z

<p></p> <table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 07:04, 20 May 2026</td> </tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l1">Line 1:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 1:</td></tr> <tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">It </del>is not <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">known whether </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">increased toxicity </del>is <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">due only </del>to <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">activation </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">CB1 cannabinoid receptors more strongly than Δ9</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">THC or whether these "super</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">strength" cannabinoids produce effects at other receptor</del>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Thirty minutes prior to the training sessions, rats received an injection of either vehicle or Δ9-THC and were subsequently placed in the behavior-testing chambers, where food (45-mg food pellets; Bio-Serve, Frenchtown, NJ) was available as a reinforcer for every ten responses (FR10) on a designated injection appropriate <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">lever. A houselight was centered over the hopper close to the ceiling </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">was illuminated only when the levers were active. Each dose range included doses </del>that <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">were without effect </del>to <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">those producing </del>at <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">least 50% depression compared to vehicle control</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were obtained from Envigo </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Houston, TX</del>). <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">5CL ADBA powder Male ND4 Swiss–Webster mice were obtained from Envigo </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Houston</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">TX</del>) <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">at approximately 8 weeks </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">age and maintained in </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">University </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">North Texas Health Science Center </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">UNTHSC</del>) <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">animal facility for two weeks prior to testin&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Such decrease remained 2 hr after the administration </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Table 4</del>). <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">In locomotor activity</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">methamphetamine treated group </del>showed <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">approximately 4.2 times increase compared to </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">negative control treated group. Change </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">body weight following the treatments with JWH</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">081 and JWH</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">210 in mic</del>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">&lt;br&gt;Although there were reports on </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">metabolism of </del>4F-MDMB-BINACA <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">using in-vivo and various in-vitro models</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">studies were either conducted using small </del>in<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">-vivo sample size such as 1 to 4 samples [5, 29] or in closed environments such as forensic psychiatric wards and prisons </del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The hepatic cell line HepG2 is often used as an initial screen as it is known </del>to <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">produce high reproducibility results with relatively stable enzyme concentration</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">although they are limited by the low-level expression of several metabolizing enzymes</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">including the cytochrome P450 </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">CYP</del>) <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">class of proteins [17, 18]</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">In</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">vitro </del>metabolism studies <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">are generally used </del>to <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">complement these data using perfused organs, tissue or cell cultures and microsomal preparations amongst which pooled </del>human <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">liver microsomes (HLM) have been frequently used to elucidate metabolism </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">SCBs [12</del>,<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">13</del>,<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">14</del>,<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">15,16]</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Since most SCBs are found extensively </del>in <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">metabolized forms in urine, the identification of </del>metabolites <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">is </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">vital importance for forensic </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">clinical toxicologists. Identifying SCB intake and its correlating specific adverse effects require rapid elucidation of these SCBs. The proliferation of SCBs has become a global challenge as new compounds are rapidly introduced into the illegal drug market </del>to <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">evade existing drug laws</del>.&lt;br&gt;Fig. &lt;br&gt;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;These synthetic cannabinoids act directly at cannabinoid CB1 </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">CB2 receptors as does Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) found in marijuana, but </del>have <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">different chemical structures unrelated to Δ9-THC, different metabolism, and often greater toxicity (Fantegrossi et al</del>., <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2014). Discriminative stimulus effects were tested in rats trained to discriminate Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">3 mg</del>/<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">kg, 30-min pretreatment</del>). <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">5F-MDMB-PINACA </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">also known as 5F-ADB</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">5F-ADB-PINACA</del>)<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, MDMB-CHIMICA, MDMB-FUBINACA, ADB-FUBINACA, </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">AMB</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">FUBINACA </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">also known as FUB-AMB</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">MMB-FUBINACA</del>) were <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">tested for </del>in <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">vivo cannabinoid</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">like effects to assess their abuse liabilit&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Moreover, a study conducted </del>in <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the United Kingdom investigated components of e-liquids </del>in <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">112 samples originating from prisoners</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">teenagers and test purchases </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">commercially available e-cigarettes taken between 2014 and 2021 . This is </del>the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">first case report that describes the toxicological symptoms of vaping ADB-BUTINACA. Results of the DOA test (including testing for amphetamines, methamphetamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, cocaine, methadone, opioids, cannabis, tricyclic antidepressants) were available within 30 minutes and were all negative. We report a case of an involuntary intoxication </del>of the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">SCRA ADB-BUTINACA after vaping</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">There are several pitfalls in the detection of SCRA in samples taken from the patien</del>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">&lt;br&gt;Synthetic cannabinoids have consistently been shown to produce discriminative stimulus effects similar to those </del>[<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">https://cannabinoidsrc4f</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">adb.com/ 5CL ADBA powder</del>] <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">of Δ9</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">THC </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Bannister and Connor</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">2018), and </del>MDMB-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">FUBINACA fully substituted for Δ9</del>-<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">THC (Gamage et al.</del>, 2018<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">)</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The chemical structures </del>of the <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">recent synthetic cannabinoids </del>are <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">unlike that of Δ9-THC</del>, <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">but are largely based on the structure </del>of <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">older synthetic cannabinoids that are known to have substantial abuse liability (Fig. 1). All 5 compounds decreased locomotor activity and produced discriminative stimulus </del>effects <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">similar </del>to <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">those of Δ9-</del>THC<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, </del>which <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">suggests they may have abuse liability similar to that of Δ9-THC. Subsequent testing identified 5F-ADB to have been present in </del>a <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">total of ten people who had died from unexplained drug overdoses in Japan between September 2014 and December 2014</del>. <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">AMB-FUBINACA produced tremors and may be of increased risk in human recreational users.&lt;br&gt;Michael B Gatch &lt;br&gt;Duration of the locomotor depression increased over dose from 30 min following 0.1 mg/kg to 2.5 h following 1 mg/kg. Substantial depressant effects were observed within the first 10 min, and maximal depression was observed between 0–30 min following administration. Tremors were observed 30 minutes following </del>1 <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">mg/kg AMB-FUBINACA in 3 of 8 mice </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">data not shown</del>)<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">. Substantial depressant effects were observed within the first 10 min, and maximal depression was observed between 10–40 min </del>and <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">lasted up to </del>2<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">.5 to 3 h at the highest dose tested </del>(<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">0.5 mg/kg</del>)<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">. Figure 1 shows average horizontal activity counts/10 min as a function of time (0–4 h) and dose of Δ9-TH</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">High resolution mass spectrometry such as LC-QTOF-MS allows the detection and identification of a broad spectrum of recreational drugs, including new psychoactive substances. A point-of-care drugs of abuse (DOA) test was initially performed on the urine of the patient. He confirmed drinking 750 ml energy drink without any further consumption of food and using an e-cigarette from Gaziantep, Turkey 10 seconds before the onset of his first symptoms. He usually smokes a pack of cigarettes a day and sometimes smokes e-cigarettes. Combined with non-specific, transient symptoms, clinical recognition of SCRA intoxication </ins>is <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">challenging .&lt;br&gt;Data availability &lt;br&gt;The intensity is plotted against the retention time for both chromatograms, demonstrating the [https://cannabinoidsrc4f-adb.com/ 5CLADBA] presence and elution profiles of nicotine and ADB-BUTINACA in the analysed vape liquid sample. LC-QTOF-MS Chromatograms of Nicotine (Top) and ADB-BUTINACA (Bottom) in the Vape Liquid used by the patient. The LC-QTOF-MS analysis showed that the e-liquid contained nicotine and ADB-BUTINACA (Fig. 1). Because the point-of-care DOA test is generally </ins>not <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">able to detect synthetic recreational drug substances, the liquid of the e-cigarette was thereafter screened using liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) on the Waters™ Xevo G3 QTOF MS system. After eating a light meal and drinking caffeinated sports drinks at the ER, the nausea complaints of the patient were reduced and the patient was discharged hom&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;In </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">present study, we performed various methods based on animal behavioral testing including FOB test for general behavioral observation, rotarod test, locomotor activity test for motor function evaluation, and water-maze test for learning/memory evaluation. Known for its stability and consistent composition, this compound </ins>is <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">frequently utilized by professionals seeking reliable materials for laboratory-based analytical studies. In this study, histopathological evaluation was performed </ins>to <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">confirm the possibility of neurotoxicity of the tested substances by hematoxylin and eosin staining method from collected brain samples. In the present study, we evaluated the neurotoxicity of two synthetic cannabinoids (JWH-081 and JWH-210) through observation </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">various behavioral changes and analysis of histopathological changes using experimental mice with various doses (0.1, 1, 5 mg/kg). Selecting powder JWH-210 demands careful evaluation of purity, legality, and supplier credibility. Prices for research</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">grade JWH</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">210 vary significantly based on quantity, purity, and vendor complianc</ins>&lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">&lt;br&gt;The chemical structures of the recent synthetic cannabinoids are unlike that of Δ9-THC, but are largely based on the structure of older synthetic cannabinoids that are known to have substantial abuse liability (Fig. 1</ins>&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Thirty minutes prior to the training sessions, rats received an injection of either vehicle or Δ9-THC and were subsequently placed in the behavior-testing chambers, where food (45-mg food pellets; Bio-Serve, Frenchtown, NJ) was available as a reinforcer for every ten responses (FR10) on a designated injection appropriate <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">leve&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Product ions detected at m/z 302, 217, </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">145 (B2) confirmed </ins>that <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">tert-leucine and indazole moieties remained unchanged, leading </ins>to <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the structure elucidation of a hydroxy-functional group </ins>at <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the 4-position of the butyl side chain by oxidative defluorination</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The product ion m/z 336 </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">loss of methyl ester moiety</ins>) <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">further confirmed the presence of dihydroxylated metabolites</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The precursor ion, m/z 364 </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">B14</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">B5/B6</ins>) <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">had a loss of 2 Da from m/z 366 indicated further dehydrogenation </ins>of the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ester hydrolysis plus monohydroxylated metabolites. The presence </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">the product ion m/z 320, likely formed from a loss of carbon dioxide, indicated monohydroxylation at the tert-leucine in B8 </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">m/z 219</ins>)<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, butyl side chain in B9 (m/z 145) and indazole moiety in B13 </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">m/z 161</ins>). <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The precursor ion</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">m/z 350 </ins>showed <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">a loss of 14 Da explaining </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">hydrolysis </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">methyl ester from 4F</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">MDMB</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">BINACA.</ins>&lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Fig. 2. </ins>&lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">The precursor ion m/z 396 (B10, B12/B15) was 32 Da higher than </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">parent drug, </ins>4F-MDMB-BINACA, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">suggesting the addition of two hydroxy groups. All the below explanations for transformations into metabolites are based on the data shown </ins>in <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Fig</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Metabolites were identified according </ins>to <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">their precursor ions</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">product ions</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">and fragmentation patterns </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Fig. 1</ins>). <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Traditional in</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">vivo </ins>metabolism studies to <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">generate </ins>human <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">metabolites of drugs relied heavily on the use </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">whole animal model systems</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">which are expensive</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">limited by drug administration amount</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">influenced by species variation and faced by many ethical issues</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Eight </ins>in<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">-vivo </ins>metabolites <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">tentatively identified were mainly products </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ester hydrolysis with or without additional dehydrogenation, N-dealkylation, monohydroxylation </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">oxidative defluorination with further oxidation </ins>to <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">butanoic acid</ins>.&lt;br&gt;Fig<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">. 1</ins>. &lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">This outcome was anticipated since CES-mediated hydrolysis is commonly 5CLADBA reported as the major metabolic pathway among the SCBs impacting the terminal ester group . Glucosides </ins>and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">sulfate metabolites </ins>have <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">been reported with other SCBs where C</ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">From these three samples</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">sample 2 contained only an ester hydrolysis metabolite </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">m</ins>/<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">z 350</ins>). <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Both ester hydrolysis followed by oxidative defluorination to butanoic acid </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">B4</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">m/z 362</ins>) and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">monohydroxylation at tert</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">leucine moiety </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">B8</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">m/z 366</ins>) <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">metabolites </ins>were <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">found </ins>in <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">16/20 urine samples (Table 2). A In</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">vitro metabolites observed </ins>in <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">common among respective seven most abundant metabolites </ins>in <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">b C. The product ion detected at m/z 235</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">indicating loss </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">sulfate, confirmed </ins>the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">identity </ins>of the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">sulfation metabolite</ins>.&lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Fungus C. elegans </ins>&lt;br&gt;<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Methyl (2S)-2-(</ins>[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">1-(4-fluorobutyl)-1H-indazole-3</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">carbonyl</ins>]<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">amino)-3,3</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">dimethylbutanoate </ins>(<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">4F-MDMB-BINACA</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">4F-</ins>MDMB-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">BUTINACA or 4F</ins>-<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">ADB), found in numerous SCB product seizures</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">has been reported by various law enforcement since </ins>2018 . <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">However, most </ins>of the <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">SCBs </ins>are <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">full agonists at CB1 and CB2 receptors</ins>, <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">having a higher risk </ins>of <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">undesirable side </ins>effects <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">when compared </ins>to THC which <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">is </ins>a <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">partial agonist </ins>. <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Synthetic cannabinoids (SCBs) are agonists at cannabinoid receptor type </ins>1 (<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">CB1</ins>) and <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">type </ins>2 (<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">CB2</ins>)<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, where they elicit their main effect</ins></div></td></tr> </table>

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